Sociodemographics and School Environment Correlates of Clustered Oral and General Health Related Behaviours in Tanzanian Adolescents

Febronia Kokulengya Kahabuka; Hawa Shariff Mbawalla; Elifuraha Godson Mumghamba; Poul Erik Petersen

doi:10.6000/1929-4247.2019.08.01.2

Authors

Febronia Kokulengya Kahabuka epartment of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-8189
Hawa Shariff Mbawalla epartment of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Elifuraha Godson Mumghamba Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Poul Erik Petersen World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Community Oral Health Programmes and Research, Department for Global Oral Health and Community Dentistry, Institute for Odontology, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, P.O. Box 2099, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2019.08.01.2

Keywords:

Health behaviours, Clustering, Adolescents, School relationship, Sociodemographic factors.

Abstract

Objectives: To identify underlying clusters of general and oral health behaviours and acertain possible factors influencing the existence of the behaviours.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 4,847 school adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire in Kiswahili inquiring about general and oral health related behaviours, socio-demographics and adolescents’ school relationship. Principal component analysis was employed to identify clusters of health behaviour. Frequency distribution for proportions, cross tabulations with chi-square and a two stage binary logistic regression were done.

Results: Principal component analysis identified four clusters from twelve health behaviours; hygiene practices, dietary behaviours, cigarette smoking & alcohol consumption and sedentary related behaviours. Girls, OR 0.8 (95% CI 0.7, 0.9); secondary school attendees, OR 0.5 (95% CI 0.4, 0.7) and adolescents with good school relationship OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.6, 0.8) were less likely to smoke or use alcohol. Urban residents were less likely OR 0.8, (95% CI 0.7, 0.9) to report acceptable dietary behaviours. Adolescents whose fathers had secondary education or higher, were in secondary schools and had good school relationship were most likely to have acceptable hygiene behaviours, OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.2, 1.6), 1.6 (95% CI 1.1, 2.2) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.3, 1.7), respectively.

Conclusion: Oral and general health behaviours of Tanzanian adolescents factored into four clusters with hygiene behaviours being most practiced and physical exercise the least. The clustered behaviours were influenced by socio-demographics and school environment.

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