International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research

Cellular and General Resistance of Young Futsal Players Aged 13-16 Years Depending on Blood Group according to the ABO System

2026-07-25T10:41:10+00:00

Relevance: Regular physical activity during adolescence affects immune adaptation, but the possible contribution of genetically determined ABO blood group phenotypes to interindividual variability in immune resistance remains insufficiently substantiated.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the features of cellular, innate (general) and acquired immune resistance in young futsal players aged 13–16 years, taking into account ABO blood group phenotype.

Materials and Methods: A total of 75 boys aged 13–16 years were examined: 45 futsal players and 30 practically healthy peers who did not engage in organized sports. Peripheral blood parameters were analyzed, including leukocytes, granulocytes, agranulocytes, neutrophil subpopulations, lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The adaptation index (AI) was calculated as the lymphocyte-to-segmented neutrophil ratio. Statistical analysis included assumption checking, pairwise comparisons with correction for multiple subgroup testing, and additional reporting of 95% confidence intervals, Cohen’s d effect sizes and observed power for AI comparisons.

Results: Most young futsal players demonstrated cellular and general immune resistance indicators corresponding to physiological adaptation. In athletes with O(I), A(II) and B(III) blood groups, AI corresponded to calm activation. In the AB(IV) subgroup, AI was lower than in controls and reached nominal statistical significance; however, this finding should be interpreted cautiously because of the very small subgroup size and loss of confirmatory strength after correction for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions: The study suggests that systematic futsal training in adolescents is generally associated with physiological immune adaptation. The possible relationship between ABO phenotype and immune adaptation requires verification in larger, longitudinal and statistically powered samples.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Workplace Accidents against Workers at PT. Dok and Perkapalan Gandasari Indonesia In 2025

2026-07-25T10:41:09+00:00

The shipyard industry is recognized as a high-risk sector for occupational accidents due to the complex interaction between human factors, workplace conditions, and safety management systems; therefore, the increasing operational activities at PT. Dok and Perkapalan Gandasari Indonesia necessitate effective occupational safety management to minimize accident risks. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing occupational accidents among workers at PT. Dok and Perkapalan Gandasari Indonesia in 2025. The study using an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 191 workers selected through simple random sampling; data were collected using structured questionnaires and observation sheets, then analyzed using the Chi-square test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The results showed that unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, work fatigue, and training experience were significantly associated with occupational accidents (p < 0.05); moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that work fatigue was the most dominant risk factor (OR = 15.311), followed by unsafe acts as a significant predictor in the final model, while unsafe conditions and training experience were not statistically significant despite showing a tendency to increase risk. In conclusion, work fatigue is the most dominant factor contributing to occupational accidents, followed by unsafe acts. Therefore, prevention efforts should prioritize controlling work fatigue through adequate regulation of working hours and rest periods, alongside strengthening control of unsafe behaviors, improving workplace conditions, and enhancing continuous safety training programs.

The Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) on Self-Efficacy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Kassi-Kassi Public Health Center

2026-07-25T10:41:08+00:00

Type 2 diabetes mellitus requires continuous self-management, yet many patients have limited confidence in performing daily care. This study evaluated the effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) on self-efficacy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Kassi-Kassi Community Health Center, Makassar. A non-randomized quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with a control group was used. A total of 120 patients were recruited consecutively and divided into an intervention group (n=60) and a control group (n=60). The intervention group received four structured 60-minute face-to-face DSME sessions over two weeks, supported by modules, booklets, and educational videos, whereas the control group received usual care and an educational booklet. Self-efficacy was measured using the 20-item Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests and Difference-in-Differences analysis. Mean self-efficacy increased from 38.43±6.54 to 90.90±5.87 in the intervention group and from 39.55±6.26 to 80.53±6.39 in the control group. The posttest mean difference was 10.37 points (95% CI: 8.15–12.59; p<0.001; Cohen’s d=1.69). The Difference-in-Differences estimate was 11.49 points. Structured DSME was associated with a substantial short-term improvement in self-efficacy and may be considered for integration into routine primary diabetes care. Further multicenter randomized studies with longer follow-up and clinical outcomes are still needed.

Revisiting the Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Model in Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms, Contextual Barriers, and Policy Implications in HIV Care

2026-07-31T15:06:03+00:00

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence remains essential for viral suppression, prevention of drug resistance, and improved long-term outcomes among people living with HIV. This systematic review examined how the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills (IMB) model explains ART adherence, how its constructs interact, and how contextual barriers influence intervention effectiveness. PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2024 in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Nineteen studies were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, cross-sectional analyses, mixed-methods studies, structural equation modeling, and developmental research, and were synthesized narratively because of substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity. Across studies, information and motivation were associated with adherence-related outcomes, but behavioral skills, particularly self-efficacy, problem-solving, communication, and medication-management ability, emerged as the most consistent proximal mechanism linking these constructs to adherence. Psychosocial and structural barriers, including stigma, depression, substance use, limited social support, and health-system constraints, weakened these pathways when not directly addressed. The findings support an integrated, context-sensitive application of the IMB model combining education, motivational support, practical skill development, and structural interventions. Further longitudinal and randomized studies using standardized, objective adherence measures are needed to strengthen causal inference and guide scalable HIV programs and policy.