Consumption of 100% Fruit Juice is Associated with Better Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality but not with Weight Status in Children: NHANES 2007-2010
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2015.04.02.7Keywords:
Fruit juice, whole fruit, dietary intake, NHANES, children.Abstract
Objective: This study examined the impact of various levels of 100% fruit juice (FJ) consumption on intake of nutrients, diet quality, and weight in children using the more recent national data.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study examining the data from children 2-18 years of age (n=6,090). Intake of nutrients and diet quality were assessed using the 24-hr dietary recall and Healthy Eating Index-2010, respectively. Various consumption levels of 100% FJ were determined. Covariate adjusted linear regression means, and standard errors were determined (p<0.01).
Results: Average per capita consumption of 100% FJ consumed was 3.6 fl oz (50 kilocalories; 2.9% energy intake); 30% of children 2-6 years exceeded the recommendation for 100% FJ. Among 100% FJ consumers, the mean amount of 100% FJ consumed was 10.6 fl oz (147 kilocalories; 8.4% energy intake). Intakes of vitamin C, magnesium, and potassium and overall diet quality were higher with more 100% FJ consumed; no difference was found in total fiber intake. No trends were seen in weight with increased amounts of 100% FJ consumed.
Conclusions: Consumption of 100% FJ should be recommended as a component of a healthy diet.References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.04.020
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.080603-QUAN-76
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2348
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.09.002
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827608317277
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70013-0
[21] Clemens R, Drewnowski A, Ferruzzi MG, Toner CD, Welland D. Squeezing fact from fiction about 100% fruit juice. Advances in Nutrition 2015; 6: 236S-43S.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.114.007328
[22] National Cancer Institute. Usual Dietary Intakes: Recommended amounts of total fruits table, 2014; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://appliedresearch.cancer. gov/diet/usualintakes/pop/2007-10/table_b01.html
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-10-17
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012000031
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[40] Guenther P, Casavale K, Reedy J, et al. Update of the Healthy Eating Index: HEI-2010. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113: 569-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.12.016
[41] Guenther PM, Kirkpatrick SJ, Reedy J, et al. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 is a valid and reliable measure of diet quality according to the 2010 Dietary Guideines for Americans. J Nutr 2014; 144: 399-407.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.183079
[42] National Center for Health Statistics. The NHANES Anthropometry Procedures Manual, 2007; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/ nhanes_07_08/manual_an.pdf
[43] National Cholesterol Education Program. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health. Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143-421.
[44] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Computer programs. Growth charts, 2014; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/computer_programs. htm
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[46] National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Survey years 2003-2004. Physical Activity, 2007; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/2003-2004/PAXRAW_C.htm
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.80.11.1314
[53] Baranowski T, Sprague D, Baranowski JH, Harrison JA. Accuracy of maternal dietary recall for preschool children: socioeconomic status and daycare factors. J Am Diet Assoc 1991; 91: 669-74.
[54] Schoeller DA. How accurate is self-reported dietary energy intake? Nutr Rev 1990; 48: 373-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02882.x
[2] Mirmiran P, Noori N, Zavareh MB, Azizi F. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 2009; 58: 460-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2008.11.002
[3] He FJ, Nowson CA, Lucas M, MacGregor GA. Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 21: 717-28.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1002212
[4] Hung HC, Joshipura KJ, Jiang R, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96: 1577-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djh296
[5] Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Hercberg S, Dallongeville J. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Nutr 2006; 136: 2588-93.
[6] Oyebode O, Gordon-Dseagu V, Walker A, Mindell JS. Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: analysis of Health Survey for England data. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 68: 856-62.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-203500
[7] Dennison BA, Rockwell HL, Baker SL. Excess fruit juice consumption by preschool-aged children is associated with short stature and obesity. Pediatrics 1997; 99: 15-22.
[8] Epstein LH, Gordy CC, Raynor HA, Beddome M, Kilanowski CK, Paluch RA. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake and decreasing fat and sugar intake in families at risk for childhood obesity. Obes Res 2001; 9: 171-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2001.18
[9] Faith MS, Dennison BA, Edmunds LS, Stratton HH. Fruit juice intake predicts increased adiposity gain in children from low-income families: weight status-by-environment interaction. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 2066-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1117
[10] Melgar-Quinonez HR, Kaiser LL. Relationship of child-feeding practices to overweight in low-income Mexican-American preschool-aged children. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104: 1110-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.04.030
[11] Newby PK, Peterson KE, Berkey CS, Leppert J, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Beverage consumption is not associated with changes in weight and body mass index among low-income preschool children in North Dakota. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104: 1086-94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.04.020
[12] Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Kleinman RE. Association between 100% fruit juice consumption and nutrient intake and weight of children 2 to 11 years. Archive of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 2008; 162: 557-67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.162.6.557
[13] O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Kleinman R. Relationship between 100% juice consumption and nutrient intake and weight of adolescents. Am J Health Promot 2010; 24: 231-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.080603-QUAN-76
[14] O'Connor TM, Yang SJ, Nicklas TA. Beverage intake among preschool children and its effect on weight status. Pediatrics 2006; 118: e1010-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2348
[15] La Rowe TL, Moeller SM, Adams AK. Beverage patterns, diet quality, and body mass index of US preschool and school-aged children. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107: 1124-33.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.04.013
[16] Forshee RA, Storey ML. Total beverage consumption and beverage choices among children and adolescents. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2003; 54: 297-307.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637480120092143
[17] Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Evidence Analysis Library. What is the association between intake of 100% fruit juice and weight status or adiposity (e.g., BMI percentile, rate of weight gain, BMI z-score, and fat mass) in children? 2014; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://ada.portalxm.com/ eal/conclusion.cfm?conclusion_statement_id=252194
[18] O'Neil C, Nicklas T, Rampersaud G, Fulgoni VR. One hundred percent orange juice consumption is associated with better diet quality, improved nutrient adequacy, and no increased risk for overweight/obesity in children. Nutr Res 2011; 31: 673-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.09.002
[19] O’Neil C, Nicklas T. A Review of the Relationship between 100% Fruit Juice Consumption and Weight in Children and Adolescents. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 2008; 2: 315-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827608317277
[20] Gill J, Sattar N. Fruit juice: just another sugary drink? Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2014; 2: 444-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70013-0
[21] Clemens R, Drewnowski A, Ferruzzi MG, Toner CD, Welland D. Squeezing fact from fiction about 100% fruit juice. Advances in Nutrition 2015; 6: 236S-43S.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.114.007328
[22] National Cancer Institute. Usual Dietary Intakes: Recommended amounts of total fruits table, 2014; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://appliedresearch.cancer. gov/diet/usualintakes/pop/2007-10/table_b01.html
[23] O'Neil C, Nicklas T, Zanovec M, Fulgoni III V. Diet quality is positively associated with 100% fruit juice consumption in children and adults in the United States: NHANES 2003-2006. Nutr J 2011; 10: 1-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-10-17
[24] O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Zanovec M, Kleinman RE, Fulgoni III VL. Fruit juice consumption is associated with improved nutrient adequacy in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15: 1871-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012000031
[25] American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement: Use and Misuse of Fruit Juice in Pediatrics. Pediatrics 2001. Reaffirmed August 2013; 107: 1210-3.
[26] United States Department of Agriculture. Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. Dietary Guideline for Americans, 2010. Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dietary-guidelines-2010
[27] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008. Public Data General Release File Documentation, 2009; [cited 2015 Mar 9]: Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ nhanes/nhanes2007-2008/generaldoc_e.htm
[28] United States Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013-2014. Overview. Let's improve our health, 2013; [cited 2015 Mar 9]: Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_13_14/2013-14_overview_brochure.pdf
[29] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Questionnaires, Datasets, and Related Documentation, 2014; [cited 2015 Mar 9]: Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes_questionnaires.htm
[30] Moshfegh AJ, Rhodes DG, Baer DJ, et al. The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88: 324-32.
[31] Blanton CA, Moshfegh AJ, Baer DJ, Kretsch MJ. The USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method accurately estimates group total energy and nutrient intake. J Nutr 2006; 136: 2594-9.
[32] National Center for Health Statistics (NHANES). MEC In-Person Dietary Interviewers Procedures Manual, 2002; [cited
2015 Mar 9]: Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ nhanes/nhanes_01_02/dietary_year_3.pdf
[33] National Center for Health Statistics. Phone Follow-up Dietary Interviewer Procedures Manual, 2004; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/ nhanes_03_04/DIETARY_PFU.pdf
[34] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Is my survey information confidential? 2013; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/participant.htm#confidentiality
[35] United States Department of Health and Human Services. Federal Food and Drug Administration. Part 101 - Food Labeling, Subpart B, Sec. 101.3. Percentage of juice declaration for foods purporting to be beverages that contain fruit or vegetable juice [21CFR101.30], 2014; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/ cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=101.30
[36] United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, 4.0, 2010; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=12068
[37] United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, 5.0, 2012; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=12068
[38] United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. Food Patterns Equivalents Database 2007-08: Methodology and User Guide, 2013; [2015 Apr 1]: Available at: http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/ 12355000/pdf/fped/FPED_0708.pdf
[39] Bowman SA, Clemens JC, Thoerig RC, Friday JE, Shimizu M, Moshfegh AJ. Food Patterns Equivalents Database 2009-10: Methodology and User Guide [Online].]. : Food Surveys Research Group. Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center. Agricultural Research Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 2013.
[40] Guenther P, Casavale K, Reedy J, et al. Update of the Healthy Eating Index: HEI-2010. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113: 569-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.12.016
[41] Guenther PM, Kirkpatrick SJ, Reedy J, et al. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 is a valid and reliable measure of diet quality according to the 2010 Dietary Guideines for Americans. J Nutr 2014; 144: 399-407.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.183079
[42] National Center for Health Statistics. The NHANES Anthropometry Procedures Manual, 2007; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/ nhanes_07_08/manual_an.pdf
[43] National Cholesterol Education Program. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health. Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143-421.
[44] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Computer programs. Growth charts, 2014; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/computer_programs. htm
[45] National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 2003-2004 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies. Demographic Variables and Sample Weights (Demo_C), 2009: [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/nhanes/nhanes2003-2004/DEMO_C.htm
[46] National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Survey years 2003-2004. Physical Activity, 2007; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/2003-2004/PAXRAW_C.htm
[47] National Cancer Institute. Usual Dietary Intakes: The NCI Method, 2013; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://appliedresearch.cancer.gov/diet/usualintakes/method.html
[48] National Cancer Institute. Usual Dietary Intakes: SAS Macros for Analysis of a Single Dietary Component, 2013; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://appliedresearch.cancer. gov/diet/usualintakes/macros_single.html
[49] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Analytic and Reporting Guidelines, 2011-2012; [cited 2015 Mar 9]: Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/analytic_ guidelines.htm
[50] Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010; [cited 2015 Apr 1]: Available from: http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2010.asp
[51] United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 27. Available from: http://ndb.nal.usda. gov/ndb/foods
[52] Basch CE, Shea S, Arliss R, et al. Validation of mothers' reports of dietary intake by four to seven year- old children. Am J Public Health 1990; 80: 1314-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.80.11.1314
[53] Baranowski T, Sprague D, Baranowski JH, Harrison JA. Accuracy of maternal dietary recall for preschool children: socioeconomic status and daycare factors. J Am Diet Assoc 1991; 91: 669-74.
[54] Schoeller DA. How accurate is self-reported dietary energy intake? Nutr Rev 1990; 48: 373-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02882.x
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- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
