Social Vulnerability and How It Matters: A Bibliometric Analysis

: Interdisciplinary and cross-cultural studies of the impacts of environment and social vulnerability must be undertaken to address the problem of social vulnerability in the foreseeable future. Scientist or social scientists should first continuously strive towards approaches can integrate municipal technological expertise, experiences, knowledge, perceptions, and expectations into emergency circumstances, so that people can be sharper on issues and offer responses with their matters. In this paper. We performing the Bibliometric Analysis to review published papers on the keyword 'Social Vulnerability'. There are 29,468 papers published in the last 52 years from 1969 to November 2020. Disaster research by implementing the Internet of Things (IoT), data mining, machine learning is still needed.


INTRODUCTION
The disasters that have occurred during the last few years have made both developed countries and developing countries quite progressive in disaster management in the future. The workable steps include issuing state policies and applying technology that is so advanced and massive. The essence of disaster risk reduction is building the resilience of countries and communities to disasters. In principle, vulnerability analysis is used as a diagnostic tool to understand the problems and factors that cause vulnerability, a planning tool as a basis for prioritizing activities and a sequence of planned activities, a risk measurement tool to assess specific risks, and a tool for empowering and mobilizing community groups. Meanwhile, the vulnerability analysis is a part of risk analysis that enables disaster management stakeholders to manage disaster risk. The components and indicators of vulnerability are derived from the concepts, definitions, and factors that determine vulnerability. Turner et al., (2003) address the question "Who and what is vulnerable to the multiple environmental changes underway, and where? Research demonstrates that vulnerability is registered not by exposure to hazards (perturbations and stresses) alone but also resides in the sensitivity and resilience of the system experiencing such hazards?" At this time, there are variations in the definition of vulnerability which will impact various indicators and instruments of vulnerability (Carreño, Cardona, and Barbat, 2007). Likewise, the components are extended to include physical and environmental vulnerabilities (Siagian et al., 2014). Social experts agree on several main factors that affect social vulnerability (Kaban et al., 2019;Nasution et al., 2020) including lack of access to resources including information (Quarantelli, 1988), knowledge, and technology (Pathirage et al., 2012), limited access to political power and representation (Drake, 2016), social capital (Aldrich and Meyer, 2015), social connections and networks (Caraka et al., 2021;Mailfert, 2007), customs and cultural values (Anderson, 2011). Then, this paper will conduct a study on a metaanalysis of papers that have been published in the Scopus database using the keyword "social vulnerability".

Data Collection
In this study, publication data was taken from Scopus sources using the keyword "social vulnerability".

Data Analysis
To analyze frequently occurring keywords, the step most crucial is to measure how often words appear together relative either how often they appear separately. Besides, the correlation between words. Regarding text, the correlation between words is measured in binary form -words appear together or not. The common measure for such binary correlation is the coefficient α in Table 1 and Eq(1)

What is Vulnerability?
Vulnerability is a condition of a community or society that leads to or causes the inability to face threats of danger. Vulnerability is the level of possibility of a disaster object consisting of the community, structure, service, or geographic area experiencing damage or disturbance as a result of the impact of the disaster or the tendency of an object to be damaged by the disaster (Djalante and Thomalla, 2012;Djalante et al., 2020;Djalante, Shaw and DeWit, 2020). The level of a vulnerability is an important thing to know as one of the factors that influence the occurrence of natural disasters, disasters will become a hazard if they occur in vulnerable conditions. Outline, the level of vulnerability due to the occurrence of a disaster can be viewed from 3 aspects.
First, Physical vulnerability describes the estimated level of damage to the physical if there are certain dangerous factors (Douglas, 2007). Looking at various indicators as follows: presentation of built-up areas, building density, percentage of emergency construction buildings, electricity networks, road length ratios, telecommunication networks, and railways. Second, social vulnerability shows the estimated level of vulnerability to the safety of life or health of the population in case of danger (Cutter, Boruff, and Shirley, 2003;Flanagan et al., 2011). From several indicators, including population density, population growth rate. Then, Economic vulnerability is describing the amount of loss or damage to economic activities, the economic process that occurs when there is a threat of danger (Briguglio et al., 2009;Bussire and Mulder, 2000;Guillaumont, 2009). Indicators that can be seen are the percentage of working households and poverty. In this study, the indicators used to measure the level of vulnerability are based solely on physical vulnerability. Indicators in measuring physical vulnerability are indicators of housing density, availability of public facilities, and critical facilities. Social vulnerability refers to the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the resilience of communities (Flanagan et al., 2020). SoVI measured social inequality and space gaps as dimensions of social vulnerability (Kaban et al., 2019).

A Global Overview on Social Vulnerability
As a result, we found 29.468 documents. It is worth noting that the keyword used "social vulnerability" is deliberately very general to broaden the overall picture of the research field under consideration but focused on high-quality journals. Figure 1 shows the number of social vulnerability publications over the 52 years; the time interval starts in 1969 (1 publication) and ends with the 3007 publications already available online in November 2020. It can be noted that from 2008 to the year 2020 there is an increasing trend of publications. Table 2 shows the sources from which the publications were taken and the total number of publications over the years; It shows that the Plos One 253 articles, Social Science and Medicine 248 articles, Sustainability Switzerland 206 articles. For more details, the readers can refer to the Table. The distribution frequency of articles, as presented in Figure  2 and Figure 3, indicates the journals dealing with the topic and related issues. Between 2007 and 2019, it is possible to notice a significant growth in the number of publications on the topic.
As for the affiliation, in the selected sample, it was identified that the Universidade de Sao Paulo -USP is the most productive university with 320 papers, followed by the King's College London with 309       (Schneider et al., 2017;James et al., 2019) It can be seen that although there are numerous specialist journals on Social vulnerability, the most cited papers have been published mainly in Social vulnerability journals and not necessarily on Social vulnerability. This phenomenon demonstrates that

CONCLUSION
There are few application topics about Big data in papers with the keyword Social vulnerability. Currently, knowledge technology, and information have developed very rapidly. Increasingly sophisticated technology enables everyone to access and obtain information quickly, without recognizing regional boundaries and time constraints. This causes information to be valuable and indispensable for decision making. One of the pieces of information needed by developed countries is information about events. natural disasters. However, the information on natural disasters currently presented is still random, difficult to understand and its validity has not been proven. Even though natural disasters are unavoidable events, the impact of disasters can be reduced or minimized by identifying the causes of disasters and studying the disaster events that have happened by analyzing existing disaster data. Also, it is necessary to predict disasters that will occur in the future so that they can become indicators of natural disaster management that will occur. Processing data into easily understandable information has been done for various purposes. Natural disaster data processing is commonly done is using big data techniques (Yu, Yang, and Li, 2018), data mining (Zheng et al., 2013;Caraka et al., 2020;Cios et al., 2007), and IoT (Kamruzzaman et al., 2017;Sakhardande, Hanagal, and Kulkarni, 2016). Big Data is an umbrella term for the explosion in the quantity and diversity of highfrequency digital data and it is not usually coming from traditional sources (Pramana et al., 2017;Cenggoro et al., 2019;Maroco et al., 2011). The cycle in the Big Data program is divided into four. First, prevention before the occurrence of a disaster; second, anticipate when there are indications of a disaster; third, the special response in the event of a disaster; fourth, recap the disaster data. What can be done properly is by remote sensing (Syahid et al., 2020;Van Westen, 2000).