Alumina Surface Treated TiO2 - From Process to Application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/2369-3355.2015.02.01.2Keywords:
Titanium dioxide, Surface treatment, Coatings, Alumina, Dispersibility.Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has found widespread use. Typically it is used in another matrix to impart certain properties. For example, it is widely used as a white pigment for paints and polymers. The aim of this research work was to achieve improvements in the sense of processability as well as the dispersion performance of alumina surface treated pigmentary TiO2in polymer matrix. Wet chemical method was used to modify the surface of the TiO2 pigment. Surface treatment included precipitation of hydrous oxides of aluminium on the surface of TiO2 particles. During controlled surface treatment, agglomeration has been avoided, which has been proved to improve applicative properties of TiO2 particles. In addition to that, organic additives were applied to enhance performance attributes of the pigmentary TiO2. The effectiveness of surface treatment was determined using scanning-transmission (STEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Quantitative evaluation of quality and dispersion of the pigments has been performed using Filter pressure test. Lower pressure generated during filter pressure test when particles were well dispersed in a polymer matrix. Surface treatment also affected pigment processibility; i.e. filterability and settling, which is of high importance for process planning.
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[2] Liu Y, Ge C, Ren M, et al. Effects of coating parameters on the morphology of SiO2-coated TiO2 and the pigmentary properties. App Surf Sci 2008; 254: 2809-819.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.10.021
[3] Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ge C, et al. Evolution mechanism of alumina coating layer on rutile TiO2 powders and the pigmentary properties. App Surf Sci 2009; 255: 7427-433.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.04.013
[4] Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ge C, et al. Evolution mechanism of alumina nanofilms on rutile TiO2 starting from sodium metaaluminate and the pigmentary properties. Powder Technol 2009; 192: 171-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2008.12.009
[5] Zhang Y, Yin H, Wang A, et al. Deposition and characterization of binary Al2O3/SiO2 coating layers on the surfaces of rutile TiO2 and the pigmentary properties. App Surf Sci 2010; 257: 1351-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.08.071
[6] Zhang Y, Yin H, Wang A, et al. Evolution of zirconia coating layer on rutile TiO2 surface and the pigmentary property. J Phys Chem Solids 2010; 71: 1458-66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.07.013
[7] Wu HX, Wang TJ, Duan JL, Jin Y. Effects of SO42- on the heterogeneous precipitation coating of hydrous alumina on TiO2 particles in an aqueous process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007; 46: 3590-4.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie061557b
[8] Wu HX, Wang TJ, Jin Y. Morphology “phase diagram” of the hydrous alumina coating on TiO2 particles during aqueous precipitation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006; 45: 5274-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0601910
[9] Wu HX, Wang TJ, Jin Y. Film-coating process of hydrated alumina on TiO2 particles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006; 45: 1337-42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0510167
[10] Veronovski N, Lešnik M, Verhovšek D. Surface treatment optimization of pigmentary TiO2 from an industrial aspect. J Coat Tech Res 2014; 11: 255-64.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11998-013-9553-8
[11] Veronovski N, Lešnik M, Verhovšek D. Alumina surface treated pigmentary titanium dioxide with suppressed photoactivity. J Coat Tech Res 2014; 1: 51-8.
[12] Industrial Inorganic Pigments, Buxbaum G, Pfaff G, editors.3rded. WeinheimWiley-VCH 2005; 67.
[13] Winkler J. Titanium Dioxide. Hanover: Vincentz; 2003.
[14] Franks GV, Gan Y. Charging behavior at the alumina–water interface and implications for ceramic processing. J Am Ceram Soc 2007; 90: 3373-88.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02013.x
[15] Brown GE, Trainor TP, Chaka AM. Geochemistry of Mineral Surfaces and Factors that Affect their Chemical Reactivity. In:Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM, Norskov J, editors. Chemical Bonding at Surfaces and Interfaces.New York : Elsevier 2007; pp. 457-509.
[16] Baes CF, Mesmer RE. The hydrolysis of cations. Malabar, Florida: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co 1986.
[17] Dempsey BA. Coagulant characteristics and reactions. In: Newcombe G, Dixon D, editors. Interface Science in Drinking Water Treatment, Theory and Applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2006; pp. 5-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4285(06)80071-2
[18] Duan J, Gregory J. Coagulation by hydrolyzing metal salts. Adv Colloid and Interface Sci 2003; 100-2.
[19] Nanetti P. Coatings from A to Z. Hannover:Vincentz 2006;p. 193.
[20] Förch R, Schönherr H, Tobias A, Jenkins A. Surface design: applications in bioscience and nanotechnology. Wiley-VCH 2009; p. 471.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527628599.app3
[21] Yuan Y, Lee TR. Contact angle properties. In: Surface Science Techniques, Ch. 1. Springer 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34243-1_1
[22] Rhodes M. Introduction to particle technology. England:Wiley 1998;p. 24.
[23] Cain CW. In: Schweitzer PA, editor. Handbook of Sepaaration techniques for Chemical Engineers, 2nd ed.USA 1988.
[24] EN 13900-5 Pigments and extenders – Methods of dispersion and assessment of dispersibility in plastics – Part 5: Determination by filter pressure value test 2005.
[25] Lu XQ, Chen ZL, Yang XH. Spectroscopic study of aluminium speciation in removing humic substances by Al coagulation.Water Res 1999; 33: 3271.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00047-0
[26] Baczek FA, Emmett RC, Kominek EG.In: Schweitzer PA, editor. Handbook of Sepaaration techniques for Chemical Engineers.2nd ed. USA 1988; pp. 4-122.
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Published
2015-04-23
How to Cite
Veronovski, N. (2015). Alumina Surface Treated TiO2 - From Process to Application. Journal of Coating Science and Technology, 2(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.6000/2369-3355.2015.02.01.2
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