Effect of Chronic Administration of Hydromethanol Leaf Extract of Helianthus annuus on Erythrocytic Profile in Normal Rats

Samuel O. Onoja; Samuel C. Udem; Aruh O. Anaga

doi:10.6000/1929-5634.2017.06.02.3

Authors

Samuel O. Onoja Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health and Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
Samuel C. Udem Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Aruh O. Anaga Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5634.2017.06.02.3

Keywords:

Helianthus annuus, chronic toxicity, erythrocytic profile, anemia, terpenes

Abstract

Effect of chronic administration of hydromethanol leaf extract of Helianthus annuus on erythrocytic profile in normal rat was investigated. The extract was prepared using cold maceration method and concentrated at 40˚C. It was incorporated in feed at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg per 100 g feed. Albino rats were randomly assigned to 4 (A – D) groups of 14 rats each. Group A received standard feed while groups B – D received feed incorporated with H. annuus at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/10 g feed, respectively. They were fed 10% of their body weight daily for 90 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected via retroorbital venous plexus from four rats selected at random from each group without replacement on day 30, 60 and 90 for the determination of erythrocytic profile. There was no significant (p > 0.05) change on the erythrocytic profile of the various groups on day 30 and 60 while the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration of H. annuus treated groups were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than group A rats on day 90. This study suggests that the chronic use of Helianthus annuus for up to 90 days in rat may lead to anemia and should be avoided.

References

Lentz DL, Pohl MD, Alvarado JL, Tarighat S, Bye R. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a pre-Columbian domesticate in Mexico. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2008; 105:

-37. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711760105

Ceccarini L, Macchia M, Flamini G, Cioni PL, Caponi C, Morelli I. Essential oil composition of Helianthus annuus L. leaves and heads of two cultivated hybrids “Carlos” and “Florom 350”. Ind Crops Prod 2004; 19: 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(03)00076-1

Ejebe DE, Siminialayi IM, Amadi CN, et al. Effects of ethanol extract of leaves of Helianthus annuus on the reproductive system of male wistar rats: Testicular histology, epididymal sperm properties and blood levels of reproductive hormones. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal 2008; 1(1): 65-78.

Onoja SO, Anaga AO. Evaluation of the antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials of methanolic leaf extract of Helianthus annuus L. on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Comp Clin Pathol 2014; 23: 1565-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-013-1824-3

Ejebe DE, Siminialayi IM, Emudainohwo JOT, Ofesi U, Morka L. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Helianthus annuus in wistar rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2010; 3: 341-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(10)60083-1

Subashini R, Rakshitha SU. Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity and in vitro antioxidant investigation of methanolic extract of seeds from Helianthus annuus L. Chem Sci Rev and Lett 2012; 1(1): 30-4.

Fisk ID, R Linforth R, Trophardy G, Gray D. Entrapment of a volatile lipophilic aroma compound (D-limonene) in spray dried water-washed oil bodies naturally derived from sunflower seeds (Helianthus annus). Food Res Int 2013; 54: 861-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.08.024

Ejebe DE , Siminialayi IM, Emudainohwo JOT , Kagbo HD, Amadi P. Effects of ethanol extract of leaves of Helianthus annus on the fecundity of Wistar rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2010; 3: 435-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(10)60104-6

Dwivedi A, Sharma GN, Kaushik AY. Evaluation of Helianthus annuus L. leaves extract for antidiarrheal and antihistaminic activity. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm 2015; 6(1): 118-24. https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.06125

Khan NI, Shinge JS, Naikwade NS. Antilithiatic effect of helianthus annuus linn. leaf extract in ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride induced nephrolithiasis. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2010; 2(suppl 4): 180-184.

Baumann E, Stoya G, Völkner A, Richter W, Lemke C, Linss W. Hemolysis of human erythrocytes with saponin affects the membrane structure. Acta Histochem 2000; 102: 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1078/0065-1281-00534

Dacie JV, Lewis SM. Practical heamatology. 7th ed. Edinburgh: ELBS with Churchill Livingstone 1991

Alexander RR, Grifiths JM. Basic biochemical methods. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss 1993.

Brar RS, Sandhu HS, Singh A. Veterinary clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods. New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers 2000; pp. 50.

Ndam LM, Mih AM, Fongod AGN, et al. Phytochemical screening of the bioactive compounds in twenty (20) Cameroonian medicinal plants. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2014; 3: 768-78.

Ibrahim TA, Ajongbolo KF, Aladekoyi G. "Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of Basella alba and Helianthus annuus on selected food pathogens. Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2014; 3(2): 27-31.

Mendanha SA, Moura SS, Anjos JLV, Valadares MC, Alonso A. Toxicity of terpenes on fibroblast cells compared to their hemolytic potential and increase in erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27: 323-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.022

Sofowora EA. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. 3rd ed. Nigeria: Spectrum books Ltd.; 2008.

Liu J, Goyer RA, Waalkes MP. Toxic effects of metals. In: Klaassen CD, editor. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. New York: McGraw-Hill 2008.

Braide VB and Anika SM. Environmental toxicology. Nigeria: SNAAP press Ltd 2007.