The Risk of Nanotechnology: A Challenge to the Insurance Industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2020.09.01Keywords:
Nanotechnology, risk of nanotechnology, insurable risk, insurance industry, mutual insurance.Abstract
Nanotechnology poses a challenge for the modern man. Aside from the many benefits that nanotechnological growth may bring, it exposes our civilization to an increasing number of new risks, creating hazards that are currently difficult to foresee. Nanotechnological developments may have a negative impact on the natural environment; some researchers claim that they may even jeopardize the very existence of humankind. Existence of defined threats opens up space for the functioning of insurance. Answering the need for nanotechnological risk management, the insurance sector should develop a strategy that would offer a reduction of risk aversion (especially among producers) and augment further development of nanotechnology-based production methods. However, this leads to questions whether nanotechnology-related risk is an insurable risk and whether it is technically feasible at this time to draft such an insurance offer. The present publication attempts to answer these questions.
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Altmann, Jurgen and Mark A. Gubrud. 2002. “Risks from military uses of nanotechnology – the need for technology assessment and preventive control.” Pp 144-148 in Nanotechnology – Revolutionary Opportunities and Societal Implications, edited by M. Roco, R. Tomellini. 3rd JOINT
EC-NSF Workshop on Nanotechnology, Lecce (Italy), 31 Jan. – 1 Febr. 2002. Luxembourg: European Communities.
AMBest. 2017. Asbestos Claims Payments Show No Sign of Slowing Despite Drop in Incurred Losses. Best’s Special Report.
Baublyte, Lijana, Martin Mullins, Finbarr Murphy and Syed A.M. Tofail. 2014. “Insurance Market Perception of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Risks.” Risk Management Newsletter 54: 1-6
Berger, Michael. 2008. “Nanotechnology? What are you talking about?” Nanowerk, May 06.
B?aszczyk, Alfred. 2014. Kierunki rozwoju innowacji nanotechnologicznych i ich znaczenie gospodarcze, Poznan: Wyd. AE w Poznaniu.
Bowman, Diana M. and Graeme A. Hodge. 2006. “Nanotechnology: Mapping the wild regulatory frontier.” Futures 38(9): 1060-1073.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2006.02.017
Czerwi?ska, Magdalena. 2014. „Zastosowanie nanomateria?ów w przemy?le zbrojeniowym.” Chemik 6(68): 536–543.
Drexler, Eric. 1990. Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology. Doubleday: Anchor Books.
Drexler, Eric. 2001. “Machine-phase nanotechnology.” Scientific American 09: 74-75.
https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0901-74
Germano, Connie. 2008. “Managing the Emerging Risks of Nanotechnology.” ACE Progress Report, Vol. 22, No. 2.
Ginwi??-Piotrowski, Edmund. 1892. Ubezpieczenia byd?a. Lwów: Nak?adem Redakcji ""Ekonomisty Polskiego"".
G?ód, Dagmara, Marek Adamczak and W?odzimierz Bednarski. 2014. „Wybrane aspekty zastosowania nanotechnologii w produkcji ?ywno?ci.” ?ywno??. Nauka. Technologia. Jako?? 96(5): 36-52
GUS. 2013. Nanotechnologia w Polsce w 2012, Warszawa: G?ówny Urz?d Statystyczny.
Harper, Tim. 2011. Global funding of nanotechnologies and its impact, London: Cientifica.
Helmut Kaiser Consultancy. 2015. Nanotechnology in Food and Food Processing Industry 2008-2010-2015 - Tomorrow we will design food by shaping molecules and atoms. Tübingen: Helmut Kaiser Consultancy.
Jastrz?bska, Maria, Marietta Janowicz-Lomott M and Krzysztof ?yskawa. 2014. Zarz?dzanie ryzykiem w dzia?alno?ci jednostek samorz?du terytorialnego ze szczególnym uwzgl?dnieniem ryzyka katastroficznego. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer.
Langner, Jerzy J. and Krzysztof Langner. 2007. “Nanotechnologia a budownictwo.” Buduj z g?ow?. Kwartalnik kosztorysanta 4.
Kachel-Jakubowska, Magdalena, Mariusz Szymanek and Agata Dziwulska-Hunek. 2015. „Nanotechnologia – mo?liwo?ci rozwoju i zastosowa?.” Konferencja Innowacje w Zarz?dzaniu i In?ynierii Produkcji T1:92-103.
MNISW Interdyscyplinarny Zespó? do spraw Nanonauki i Nanaotechnologii. 2006. Nanonauka i nanotechnologia. Narodowa strategia dla Polski. Raport. Warszawa: MNiSW.
Mullins, Martin, Finbarr Murphy, Lijana Baublyte, Eamonn M. McAlea and Syed A. M. Tofail. 2013. “The insurability of nanomaterial production risk.” Nature Nanotechnology 8: 222-224.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.53
OECD. 2012. “Important Issues on Risk Assessment of Manufactured Nanomaterials.” Series on the Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials 33.
Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on ‘Nanotechnology for a competitive chemical industry’ (own-initiative opinion) (2016/C 071/05), Official Journal of the European Union 24.2.2016.
Mazurkiewicz, Adam. 2007. Nanonauki i nanotechnologie. Stan i perspektywy rozwoju. Radom: Wydawnictwo Naukowe ITeE-PIB.
Mielcarek, Jadwiga, Marta Kruszy?ska and Pawe? Soko?ow. 2009. „Zastosowanie nanorurek w?glowych w medycynie.” Nanotechnologia w Farmacji i Medycynie 65(4): 251-254.
Nanoscience. 2004. Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncrtainties. Cardiff: The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering, Clyvedon Press,.
Patri Anil K., István J. Majoros and James R. Baker Jr. 2002. “Dendritic polymer macromolecular carriers for drug delivery.” Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 6 (4): 466-471.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(02)00347-2
Pike-Biegunski, Maciej. (2005a). “Nanotechnologia w medycynie i farmacji. Cz. 2.” Lek w Polsce 208(15): 49-56
Pike-Biegunski, Maciej. (2005b). „Nanotechnologia w medycynie i farmacji. Cz. 3.” Lek w Polsce, 209(15): 98-103
Przygocki, W?adys?aw and Andrzej W?ochowicz. 2001. Fulereny i nanorurki – w?a?ciwo?ci i zastosowanie. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne.
Rejda, George E. 2008. Principles of Risk Management and Insurance. London: Pearson.
Robertson, Patric. 2011. Robertson's Book of Firsts: Who Did What for the First Time. Bloomsbury Publishing
SCENIHR. 2009. Risk Assessment of Products of Nanotechnologies., Brusselss: Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks.
Schmidt, Karen F. 2007. “Nanofrontiers. Visions for the future of nanotechnology.” Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies 6.
Szczepaniak-Lalewicz, Katarzyna. 2011. „Inteligentne nanostruktury - duzo gadania, ma?o efektów? Fakty i mity,” Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa LI (4): 65-79
Vance, Marina E., Todd Kuiken, Eric P. Vejerano, Sean P. McGinnis, Michael F. Hochella Jr., David Rejeski and Matthew S. Hull. 2015. “Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory” Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6: 1769–1780.
https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.18
Waszkiewicz-Robak, Bo?ena and Franciszek ?widerski F. 2008. „Nanotechnologia - korzy?ci i zagro?enia zdrowotne.” Bromatologia i chemia toksykologiczna XLI(3): 202-208.
Zurich. 2014. „The Unknown Risk of Nanotechnology.” Zurich Insider 20 march.
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