Transmission System Operation Challenges with Large Wind Penetration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.6Keywords:
Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), Balancing Area (BA), System Operating limits (SOL), Transmission System Operation, Wind Penetration.Abstract
The State of California’s renewable energy policies and energy incentives are the main drivers of renewable generation development occurring in the Pacific Northwest. The largest wind integration efforts are happening within the Bonneville Power Administration’s (BPA) Balancing Area (BA). BPA is approaching a 40 percent wind penetration factor. Such a large wind penetration imposes significant challenges on the transmission system operation requiring more system studies in operational time frame. These challenges include needs for additional voltage regulation requiring more switching operations, dealing with higher ramping rates and carrying additional regulation reserve as well as additional difficulty in Columbia River management (river scheduling). This paper discus some of those challenges in more details.
References
“The Columbia River System Inside Story”, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of the Army, U.S. Department of the Interior, April 2001, [Online]. Available: http://www.bpa. gov/power/pg/columbia_river_inside_story.pdf
“Daily/Hourly Hydrosystem Operation: How the Columbia River Responds to Short-term Needs,” U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Region, February 1994, [Online]. Available: http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/pubs/daily%20hourly.pdf
Ilic M, Makarov Y, Hawkins D. Operation of Electric Power System with High Penetration of Wind Power: Risks and Possible Solutions. PES General Meeting 2007, Tampa, Florida.
FERC Comments of the Bonneville Power Administration [Online.] Available: http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/ WindPower/docs/RM10-11_BPA_Comments.pdf
BPA, System Dispatchers Standing Order NO. 216, March 8, 2010, [Online]. Available: http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/ wind/op_controls
McKenna J. BPA details 7% wind curtailment in Northwest. Wind Power Monthly, 29 June, 2011, [Online]. Available: http://www.windpowermonthly.com/news/rss/1077737/BPA-details-7-wind-curtailment-Northwest/
Romano B. US wind owners take legal action over BPA curtailments “Recharge-the global source for renewable energy news”. June 14, 2011, [Online]. Available: http:// www.rechargenews.com/energy/wind/article261520.ece
Netting Wind Resources for DSO 216 – Business Practice, http://transmission.bpa.gov/ts_business_practices/
Dynamic Schedule-Business Practice– Business Practice, [Online]. Available: http://transmission.bpa.gov/ts_business_ practices/
NERC: Dynamic Transfer Reference Guidelines, Version 2 May 20, 2009, [Online.] Available: http://www.nerc.com/docs/ oc/is/IS_Dynamic_Transfer_Guidelines.pdf
Hirst E, Kirby B. Ancillary-Service Details: Dynamic Scheduling, Oak Ridge National Laboratory January, 1997.
WECC Reference Document for Dynamic Scheduled Remote Generation & Load.
Smith JC, Tresher R, Zavadil R, DeMeo E, Piwko R, Ernst B, Ackermann T. A Mighty Wind. IEEE Power Energy 2009; 7(2).
Generation Imbalance Service Administration [Online.] Available: http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/business/ Business_Practices/
NERC: Accommodating high Level of Variable Generation –Special report, April 2009.
Kincic S, Ooi BT, McGillis D, Chandra A. Voltage Suppport of radial Transmission Lines by VAr Compensation from Distribution Busses. IEE Proc Gen Tran Dist 2006; 153(1).
Kincic S, Wan XT, McGillis DT, Chandra A, Boon-Teck Ooi, Galiana FD, Joos G. Voltage Support by Distributed Static VAr Systems (SVS): IEEE Transaction on power Delivery 2005; 20.
Jorge Hidalgo López, Electrical Control Centre Dept. CECOEL Red Electrica de Espana (REE) “Wind Development, Integration Issues and Solutions – TSO Spain” The Northwest Wind Integration Forum, July 29-30, 2010, Portland, OR. [Online]. Available: http://www.nwcouncil.org/ energy/wind/meetings/2010/07/WIF%20TWG%20072910%20Hidalgo%20072610.pdf
Hendrik Neumann, Ancillary Services and System Accounting Amprion GmbH, “Wind Development, Integration Issues and Solutions – TSO Germany” The Northwest Wind Integration Forum, July 29-30, 2010, Portland, OR [Online]. Available: http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/business/ operations/Wind/WindRamps_1min_Summary.xls
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
