Reproductive Performance of Water Buffalo Cows: A Review of Affecting Factors

Hector  Nava-Trujillo; Robert  Valeris-Chacin; Adriana  Morgado-Osorio; Simón  Zambrano-Salas; Luis  Tovar-Breto; Armando  Quintero-Moreno

doi:10.6000/1927-520X.2020.09.15

Authors

Hector Nava-Trujillo Producción Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
Robert Valeris-Chacin Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela
Adriana Morgado-Osorio Producción Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
Simón Zambrano-Salas Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Núcleo Universitario Alberto Adriani (NUAA), Universidad de los Andes, El Vigía, Mérida, Venezuela
Luis Tovar-Breto Genética y Embriones Mérida C.A., Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
Armando Quintero-Moreno Laboratorio de Andrología, Unidad de Investigación en Producción Animal (UNIPA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520X.2020.09.15

Keywords:

Parity, season, BCS, energy balance, milk yield, silent estrus, anestrus.

Abstract

This article aims to review both the economic impact of reproductive failures on the profitability of water buffalo systems and the effect of different factors on the reproductive performance of water buffaloes. Besides, an overview of various non-hormonal alternatives to improve reproductive performance is made. The optimal reproductive efficiency in water buffaloes implies calving to conception interval around 90 days to reach a calving interval of 400 days, with longer calving intervals having a negative impact on profitability. Reproductive efficiency is the consequence of the interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors, and the recognition of these factors by analyzing the reproductive information must be a priority. Although each factor's impact can be of greater or lesser magnitude depending on the conditions of each herd, some factors like nutrition, milk yield, body condition score, negative energy balance, parity, bull presence, low estrus intensity, and season can be considered high-impact factors. Not all factors are common among farms; therefore each farm must implement a program for the identification, control, and prevention of reproductive problems, especially during early lactation, to prevent a long anestrus; and when artificial insemination is used, so that it is done at the correct time with respect to the beginning of estrus to enhance fertility.

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