Forensic Genetics within the Dungeon: The Paradoxical Mosaic of the Brazilian Penal System

Ricardo Urquizas  Campello; Joëlle  Vailly

doi:10.6000/1929-4409.2026.15.10

Authors

Ricardo Urquizas Campello Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University (IMS/UERJ), Center for the Study of Violence at the University of São Paulo (NEV-USP), Brazil
Joëlle Vailly CNRS, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Social Issues (IRIS, CNRS-Inserm-EHESS-USPN), Campus Condorcet, Paris-Aubervilliers, France

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2026.15.10

Keywords:

Prison, Genetics, Technology, Surveillance, Violence, Brazilian Social Theory

Abstract

This article deals with the Brazilian penal system, which is seeing on the one hand attempts at ‘modernisation’ through the development of forensic technologies for genetic identification of prisoners, and on the other hand, the persistence of ‘archaic’ correctional institutions. Based on an ethnographic survey, this study analyses prison demographics in relation to the role played by the Brazilian DNA database, which both fails to exonerate convicts and is itself fostered by mass incarceration. It also focuses on the day-to-day procedures for collecting biological material from prisoners, which are often based on discretionary, arbitrary, and even illegal practices, thus establishing links between the permanent threat of prison violence and new genetic identification technologies. Through the sociological allegory of the ‘penal platypus’, it lays the groundwork for a reflection on the re-territorialisation of genetic profiling as it is taking place in Brazil.

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