International Trade in the Age of Turbulent Uncertainty, Globalization, Regionalization and Pandemic

Authors

  • Alexander Ivanovich Evdokimov Department of World Economy and International Economic Relations, University, Saint Petersburg State University of Economics (UNECON), 191023, 21, Sadovaya Street, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
  • Mushfig Yelmar Guliyev Department of International Economics, University, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), AZ1001 Istiqlaliyyat str. 6, Baku, Azerbaijan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.246

Abstract

Purpose: This paper analyzes the modern aspects of the international trade policy system in the context of the active development of integration processes in various regions, assesses the role of the WTO (The World Trade Organization) and some ways to improve its activities in accordance with modern challenges. Methods: The methods of comparison, synthesis, abstraction, and modeling based on available information and analytical resources were used. Results: The draft of the future international trade order, especially if it is based on a network of related regional and interregional trade agreements, can become increasingly practical for the effectiveness of trade relations and public confidence regarding the idea of ​​openness and globalization. Conclusion: The main idea of this study is that the global regulation of international trade and the influence of turbulent currents of uncertainties at the national level can be improved with a higher degree of sustainable win-win approaches to reforming the WTO and regional spaces of trade relations.

References

Acharya, A. (2014). Global International Relations (IR) and Regional Worlds: A New Agenda for International Studies International Studies. 11 December 2014. International Studies Quarterly, 58(4), 647–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12171

Acharya, A. (2018). The End of the American World Order. Cambridge: Polity, 2nd edition. 224 p., рp. 99—131.

Akhmadeev, R., Morozova, T., Voronkova, O., & Sitnov, A. (2019). Targets determination model for vat risks mitigation at B2B marketplaces. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(2), 1197-1216. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.7.2(28) DOI: https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.7.2(28)

Bill Gates says trade issues are ‘scary’ and could put a ‘burden’ on global growth and jobs (2018.08.08). Retrieved from https: www.cnbc.com/2018/08/08/bill-gates-trade-issues-are-scary-and-could-put-a-burden-growth.html

Bown, C.P., & Keynes, S. (2020). 20-4 Why Trump Shot the Sheriffs: The End of WTO Dispute Settlement 1.0. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3577935 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3577935

Chetthamrongchai, P., Jermsittiparsert, K., & Saengchai, S. (2020). How the nexus among the free trade, institutional quality and economic growth affect the trade from asean countries. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(3), 2079-2094. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.7.3(42) DOI: https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.7.3(42)

China outlined the approach and position on reforming the WTO. (2018.11.24) Retrieved on 04.02.20 from http://russian.news. cn/2018-11/24/c_137627435.htm

Coronavirus: The World Economy at risk. Retrieved 28.03.20 from https://www.oecd.org/berlin/publikationen/Interim-Economic-Assessment-2-March-2020.pdf

De Oliveira, S. E. Martins. Cesar. (2017). Brazil in the Twenty-First-Century International Trade: Challenges and Opportunities. https://doi.org/10.5772/66259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/66259

DG Azevedo welcomes G20 focus on improving the WTO to meet “current and future challenges” (14 September 2018). Retrieved 21.01.2019 from https: www.wto.org/english/ news_e/news18_e/dgra_14sep18_e.htm

ECB announces €750 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP). Retrieved 26.03.20 from https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press /pr/date /2020/ html/ecb. pr 200318 _1 ~3949d6f266.en.html

Gapotchenko D. (2020). How will coronavirus affect the Russian IT market? CNews poll 11.03.2020 Retrieved 11.04.20 from https: www.cnews.ru/articles/2020-03-11_kak_koronavirus_ povliyaet_na_rossijskij

Georgieva, K., & Ghebreyesus, T.A. (2020). Some say there is a trade-off: save lives or save jobs – this is a false dilemma (April 3, 2020) Retrieved 09.04.20 from https://www.imf.org/ en/News/Articles/2020/04/03/vs-some-say-there-is-a-trade-off-save-lives-or-save-jobs-this-is-a-false-dilemma

Global trade impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic. Retrieved 27.03.20 from https://unctad.org/en/Publications Library/ditcinf2020d1.pdf

Globalization 4.0, or Davos Forum Issues (Jan 21, 2019). Retrieved 02/04/20 from https://www.dw.com/en/globalization-40-or-forum-forum-in-davos/a-47150519

Hufbauer, G.C., & Cimino-Isaacs, C. (2015). How will TPP and TTIP Change the WTO System? Journal of International Economic Law. Oxford University Press, 18(3), 679-696. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgv036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgv036

Kalmykov, A. (2019). The Chinese economy has slowed down. This is bad news for Russia and the whole world. Retrieved 02/09/2019 from https: www.bbc.com/russian/features-46845590

Kawai, M. (2019). Rules-based Global Governance at Risk: Challenges of US Unilateralism and US-China Superpower Competition, May 7, 2019. Reviewed from:19.04.20 https://www.g20-insights.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ rules-based-global-governance-at-risk-challenges-of-us-unilateralism-and-us-china-superpower-competition-1570627940.pdf

Keho, Ya. (2017). The impact of trade openness on economic growth: The case of Cote d’Ivoire. 31 May 2017 Retrieved 20.04.20 from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/ 23322039.2017.1332820

Key statistics and Trends in trade policy 2018.Trade tensions, implications for developing countries Retrieved on 04.02.20 from https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditctab2019 d1en.pdf

Korableva, O. N., Kalimullina, O. V., Zaytseva, A. A., & Larionov, A. I. (2018). Elaboration of database for the subject domain of innovation and economic growth potential. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 31st International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2018: Innovation Management and Education Excellence through Vision 2020, 6065-6073.

Kotlyarov, N.N., & Levchenko, L.V. (2013). Globalization and regional integration of countries - members of the Customs Union. Economic Sciences, (104), 109-112. Retrieved on 01/21/2019 from http://ecsn.ru/files/pdf/201307/201307_ 109.pdf

Leblond, P., & Viju-Miljusevic, C. (2019). EU trade policy in the twenty-first century: Change, continuity and challenges. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(12), 1836-1846. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1678059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1678059

Mendoza, M. R. (2017). A New Architecture for the WTO? The Future of the Global Trade Order (2nd Edition)2017, https://doi:10.2870/169287pp.81-100

Munich Security Report 2020. Retrieved 24.02.20 from https://securityconference.org/assets/user_upload/MunichSecurityReport2020.pdf

Nan, Zh., & Xiaojin, R. (2018). China condemns protectionism in foreign trade. Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Special issue, 202(7665). Retrieved on 02/04/20 from https://rg.ru/2018/09/11/kitaj-osuzhdaet-protekcionizm-vo-vneshnetorgovoj-deiatelnosti.html

Orth, M. (2018). What really helps the European economy? Retrieved on 01.20.2019 from https://www.deutschland.de/ en/topic/ekonomika/gabriel-felbermair-cto-deistvitelno-pomozet-ekonomike-evropy

Pangestu, M. E. (2019). Changing Global Trade Landscape: Developing Country Perspective. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 98. 3rd International Conference on Trade (ICOT 2019) PP.216-223 Retrieved 20.04.20 from download.atlantis-press.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.45

Pavlovska, E. (2020). IMF chief: 'Clear we have entered recession' Marc 30 2020, Retrieved 09.04.20 from https://www.neweurope.eu/article/imf-chief-clear-we-have-entered-recession

Primo Braga C. A., & Hoekman B. (2017). Future of the Global Trade Order, 2nd Edition. https://doi:10.2870/169287. Retrieved on 20.04.20 from https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/ 1814/49384/Future_Global_Trade_Order_2ndEd.pdf?sequence=1

Sumlenny, S., Koksharov, A., & Zavadsky, M. (2009). If it is not protectionism. Expert, 15(654), Retrieved on 01/25/2019 from https://expert.ru/forum/expert-articles/2801

The EU and Britain start negotiating a post-Brexit trade deal. Retrieved 28.03.20 from https://www.economist.com /britain/2020/03/01/the-eu-and-britain-start-negotiating-a-post-brexit-trade-deal

Tinta, A.A., Sarpong, D.B., Ouedraogo, I. M., Hassan, R. Al, Mensah-Bonsu, A., & Onumah, E. E. (2018). The effect of integration, global value chains and international trade on economic growth and food security in ECOWAS. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 4(1), 1465327. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1465327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1465327

Trade Threats Cloud Bright World Growth Outlook, Lagarde Says (12/04/2018).Retrieved (21.01.2019) from https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/trade-threats-cloud-bright-world-growth-outlook-lagarde-says

Understanding the US-China Trade Relationship (January 2017). Retrieved on 04.02.20 from https://www.oxfordeconomics. com/recent-releases/understanding–the-us-china-trade-relationship

Understanding the US-China Trade Relationship. Prepared for the US-China Business Council by Oxford Economics (January 2017). Retrieved 04.02.20 from https: www.uschina.org/sites/ default/files/OE%20US%20Jobs%20and%20China%20Trade%20Report.pdf(p.18)

Wallace, P., & Cranny, M. (2020). OECD says coronavirus is another reason to boost fiscal stimulus. (Feb23,2020). Retrieved on 08.04.20 from https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ international/business/oecd-says-coronavirus-is-another-reason-to-boost-fiscal-stimulus/articleshow/74260641.cms

WTO. (2020). WCO chiefs pledge joint efforts to facilitate trade in essential goods Retrieved 08.04.20 from https://www.wto. org/english/news_e/news20_e/igo_06apr20_e.htm

WTO: G20 countries agree on WTO reform 20, countries Reached WTO Reform (September 2018) Retrieved on 01/21/2019 from https://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/wTO- G20.

Downloads

Published

2022-04-05

How to Cite

Evdokimov, A. I. ., & Guliyev, M. Y. . (2022). International Trade in the Age of Turbulent Uncertainty, Globalization, Regionalization and Pandemic. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9, 2082–2094. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.246

Issue

Section

Articles