Poor Organ Donation in Vietnam: Resulting from Beliefs, Religions, and Traditional Culture? How to Promote Organ Donation and to Deal with Organ Trading from a Legal Perspective?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.141Keywords:
Organ donation, organ trading, belief and religion, traditional culture, law, VietnamAbstract
In Vietnam, organs are always in great demand while the organ supply from brain dead donors is extremely small, prompting the search for organs supplied by living people. People in need of an organ transplant either have to wait for a legally supplied organ (coming from any voluntary and non-commercial donation) or resort to an illegal supplied one (through organ trading). Therefore, increasing the number of legally supplied organs and controlling illegal source of supply are problems to be solved by Vietnam. This paper discovers whether religions, beliefs, traditional culture, and current legislation impede the organ donation or not. In addition, this paper also aims to find out legal loopholes resulting in ineffective handling of organ trading, then proposing solutions to improve the law to promote the legal supply of organs and effectively combat crimes related to organs illegally supplied by organ trading.
References
Areen, Judith. 1998. "A Scarcity of Organs." Journal of Legal Education 38(4):555-565.
Bernat, Erwin. 1995. "Marketing of Human Organs." Medicine and law 181-190.
Bruzzone, P. 2008. "Religious Aspects of Organ Transplantation." Transplantation Proceedings. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000331398.11265.f4
Cadìere, Leopold. 1997. Ve Van Hoa Va Tin Nguong Truyen Thong Nguoi Viet [Vietnamese Culture and Traditional Belief]. Translated by Do Trinh Hue. Hanoi: Van Hoa Thong Tin.
Chan-On, C., & Sarwal, M. M. 2017. "A comprehensive analysis of the current status and unmet needs in kidney transplantation in Southeast Asia." Frontiers in medicine, 4, 84. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2017.00084
Chen, Chao-Long, Catherine S. Kabiling, and Allan M. Concejero. 2013. "Why Does Living Donor Liver Transplantation Flourish in Asia?" Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 10(12):746–751. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2013.194
Circular no. 104/2017/TT- BTC of 2017 (Vietnam)
Concejero, Allan M and Chao-Long Chen. 2009. “Ethical Perspectives on Living Donor Organ Transplantation in Asia.” Liver Transplantation 15(12):1658–1661. https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.21930
Decree No. 117/2020/ND-CP of 2020 (Vietnam)
Department of Crime Statistics and Information Technology under the management of the Supreme People’s Procuracy. “Extract of Data on Handling the Trading, Appropriation of Human Tissues or Body Parts (Article 154 of the Penal Code 2015).
Duong Hai. 2018. “Xoa Bo Quan Niem “Chet Toan Thay”, Hang Tram Tang Ni, Phat Tu No Nuc Dang Ky Hien Tang.” [Removing the Belief of “Death with the Body Integrity”, hundreds of Buddhism Followers Eagerly Enroll Organ Donation]. Suc Khoe & Doi Song, October 2. https://suckhoedoisong.vn/xoa-bo-quan-niem-chet-toan-thay-hang-tram-tang-ni-phat-tu-no-nuc-dang-ky-hien-tang-n149065.html (accessed February 3, 2021).
Hai Van. 2018. “Can Thay Doi Suy Nghi Ve Hien Tang.” [The Need to Change the Mindset on Organ Donation]. Nhan Dan, December 6. https://nhandan.com.vn/baothoinay-xahoi/can-thay-doi-suy-nghi-ve-hien-tang-343103/ (accessed February 4, 2021).
Huang, Jie-Fu, Hai-Bo Wang, Shu-Sen Zheng, Yong-Feng Liu, Bing-Yi Shi, Zhong-Yang Shen, Sheng-Shou Hu, Qi-Fa Ye, Wu-Jun Xue, Xiao-Shun He, and Feng Huo. 2015. “Advances in China's Organ Transplantation Achieved with the Guidance of Law.” Chinese Medical Journal 128(2):143-146. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.149183
Lan Anh. 2021. “Kho Xu Vu Ben Cho Tim Muon Gap Nguoi Nhan Tim.” [Heart Donor Wants to Meet Receiver: A Dilemma]. Tuoi Tre, March 22. https://tuoitre.vn/kho-xu-vu-ben-cho-tim-muon-gap-nguoi-nhan-tim-2021032208050869.htm (accessed March 25, 2021).
Law concerning Prevention of Human Trafficking of 2011 (Vietnam)
Law on donation, removal and transplantation of human tissues and organs and the donation and recovery of cadavers of 2006 (Vietnam)
National ASEAN 2020 Committee. “Religion and Beliefs.” https://www.asean2020.vn/web/asean_en/tin-nguong-ton-giao (accessed February 4, 2021).
Nguyen, Duc Lu. 2007. Nhung Dac Diem Co Ban Cua Mot So Ton Giao Lon O Viet Nam [Main Features of Some Major Religions in Vietnam]. Hanoi: Ton Giao.
Nguyen, Q.H. 2020. “Moi Quan He Giua Tin Nguong, Ton Giao Va Ca Nhan.” [The Relationship among Belief, Religion, and Individual] p. 76 in Phap luat ve tu do tin nguong, ton giao [Law on the freedom of belief and religion], edited by Nguyen. T. Q. A., Vu. C. G., and La. K. T. Hanoi: HongDuc.
Nguyen, Thanh Tuan. 2012. Van Hoa Ban Dia Viet Nam, Khuynh Huong Phat Trien Hien Dai [Native Vietnamese Culture, the Tendency of Modern Evolution]. Hanoi: Van Hoa Thong Tin & Vien Van Hoa.
Nhu Tho. 2012. “Lam Ban Ve Tinh Duy Tinh Cua Nguoi Viet: Rang Hay Thi That La Hay?” [Discussion on Vietnamese Sentimentalism: Is It Good?]. PetroTimes, July 28. https://petrotimes.vn/lam-ban-ve-tinh-duy-tinh-cua-nguoi-viet-rang-hay-thi-that-la-hay-16585.html (accessed February 3, 2021).
Ozdag, N. 2004. “Public Awareness and Acceptance of Tissue and Organ Donation.” EDTNA‐ERCA Journal 30(4):188-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6686.2004.tb00366.x
Penal Code of 2015 (Vietnam)
Pham, Con Son. 2011. Gia Le Xua Va Nay [Family Rites – Past and Present]. Hanoi: Thanh Nien.
Pham, Nguyen Tuong. 2015. “Chet Nhe Nhu Mot Su Cho Di.” [Death as A Giving]. Tuoi Tre, January 1, 2015. https://tuoitre.vn/chet-nhe-nhu-mot-su-cho-di-698685.htm (accessed February 3, 2021).
Röcklinsberg, Helena. 2009. “The Complex Use of Religion in Decisions on Organ Transplantation.” Journal of Religion and Health 48(1):62-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-008-9209-7
Steiner, Philippe. 2017. “Secrecy and Frontiers in Illegal Organ Transplantation.” In the Architecture of Illegal Markets. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794974.003.0003
Tai, Michael Cheng-Tek. 2009. “An Asian Perspective on Organ Transplantation.” Tzu Chi Medical Journal 21(1):90-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1016-3190(09)60017-3
Toan Anh. 1992. Nep Cu, Con Nguoi Viet Nam [Traditional Customs, Vietnamese People]. Ho Chi Minh: Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
Tran, Ngoc Sinh. 2021. “Tang Nguon Hien Mo, Bo Phan Co The Nguoi” (Increasing the Source of Human Tissues and Body Parts).” Expert Workshop Proceedings. Hochiminh.
Tran, Ngoc Them. 2016. He gia tri Viet Nam tu truyen thong den hien dai va con duong toi tuong lai [The Vietnamse Values
System: from the Past to Present, and the Path to Future]. Vanhoavannghe: Ha Noi.
Tran, Trong Kim. 2002. Viet Nam Su Luoc [Overview of Vietnamese History]. Danang: Da Nang.
Vietnam National Coordinating Centre for Human Organ Transplantation. http: Vnhot.vn (accessed 28 June 2021).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
