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Editor’s Choice : Haematological and Biochemical Characterization of Bubaline Trypanosomosis in Mumbai Region of India
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Abstract: The present study was based on observations on 17 cases of Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes diagnosed by blood smear examination. The degree of parasitaemia revealed heavy (64.70%), moderate (23.52%) and mild (11.76%) infections in buffaloes.Haematological analysis revealed subnormal erythrocytic count and haemoglobin in 70.58% buffaloes. Leukocytosis was evident in 70.58% buffaloes with neutrophilia relatively associated with lymphocytopenia.Blood glucose level of 15 hypoglycaemic buffaloes ranged between 27 to 49.05 gm/dl with an average of 39.35 gm/dl. The comparative analysis of the degree of hypoglycaemia with parasitaemia revealed positive correlation between two parameters. Biochemical analysis of sera and blood samples showed increase level of BUN and serum creatinine in 17.64% buffaloes. Keywords: Trypanosoma evansi, Buffaloes, Haematology, Biochemistry. |
Editor’s Choice : Physiological Changes and Blood Flow in Murrah Buffaloes during Summer and Winter Season
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Abstract: Present study was designed to investigate the changes in physiological reactions and blood flow during different seasons in Murrah buffaloes. Six Murrah buffalo heifers of 18-24 months were selected as experimental animals. The respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure was measured through BPL-Excello multi parameter monitor. Rectal temperatures were recorded with electronic thermometer. Skin surface temperatures at the different body sites were recorded using infrared thermometer (Metravi MT-2). The blood flow was measured on Perimed Multichannel Laser Doppler system using skin perfusion probe 408 at dorsal region, abdomen region and middle ear. Results showed a significant difference for respiration rate (P<0.001); rectal temperature (P<0.05) and heart rate (P<0.001) during summer and winter season. The mean blood pressure was 93.74/186.36 mmHg in summer and 97.40/198.08 mmHg in winter, respectively. In the present experiment, both diastolic and systolic pressure differed significantly (P<0.001) during different seasons. The mean skin surface temperature in summer was 37.03±0.39, 36.12±0.27 and 33.15±0.98°C at dorsal, abdomen and middle ear, respectively; whereas, during winter it was 29.87±0.69, 29.92±0.40 and 23.82±1.12°C at dorsal, abdomen and middle ear, respectively. The skin surface temperature among the different parts of the body differed significantly (P<0.001). During summer, the mean blood flow was 4.71±0.49, 14.85±1.63 and 16.72±1.47 PU; whereas, during winter, it was low, 1.10±0.16, 8.96±0.58 and 12.16±0.95 PU at dorsal, abdomen and middle ear, respectively. The difference in the blood flow among the different parts of the body differed significantly (P<0.001) in summer and winter. The results indicated that blood flow was positively correlated with temperature of the body parts and it varied in different seasons. This study concluded that, summer stress evokes a series of physiological changes in the Murrah buffalo’s, which affects productionduring summer season. Keywords: Blood flow, Murrah buffalo, Physiological responses, Summer, Winter. |
Editor’s Choice : Usage of Saliva as Alternative Biological Fluid to Serum for Minerals, Energetic and Hormones Assessment in Lactating Egyptian Water Buffaloes
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Abstract: Blood sample is the most common biological fluid utilized for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Saliva contains locally produced substances as well as serum component, so the aim of this study is to compare the profile of minerals, energetic and hormones in Egyptian water buffaloes. Blood serum and saliva samples were collected from 80 healthy multiparous, non- pregnant lactating Egyptian water buffaloes. Both fluids were tested for sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, insulin, cortisol, ACTH, glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein and immunoglobulin [IgA]. The results revealed that, serum concentrations of calcium, glucose, total protein, sodium, chloride, Insulin, cortisol, ACTH and IgA were significantly higher than saliva. In contrast, the concentrations of potassium and phosphorous in the saliva were significantly higher than that of serum. On the other hand no significant change in respect of urea, creatinine and magnesium was noted between saliva and serum. The relationships between saliva and serum of the estimated parameters were significantly positive except the concentrations of insulin in saliva and blood serum did not correlate. In conclusion, the saliva sample can be used in clinical practice with high level of reliability and provide non-invasive biological fluid for monitoring of different parameters in Egyptian water buffaloes. Keywords: Saliva, serum, buffalo, minerals, energetic, hormones.Download Full Article |
Editor’s Choice : Studies on Thyroid Hormones and some Biochemical Constituents of Follicular Fluid in Buffalo
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Abstract: Present study investigated the levels of some biochemical constituents and thyroid hormones in follicular fluid and serum and compared their concentrations in different size follicles of buffaloes. Buffalo ovaries with unknown reproductive status were collected from abattoir. The follicles visible on its surface were classified based on their diameter as small (<5 mm), medium (5-10 mm) and large (>10 mm) follicles. Twenty four samples from follicles along with blood samples of buffaloes belonging to respective category were collected. The follicular fluid and the serum samples were analyzed for total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, glucose and hormones tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine. The results of the present study revealed that, there was no specific trend observed in the levels of total proteins and albumin according to the size of the follicles but there was significant difference (P<0.01) in the levels of total proteins in follicular fluid and serum. The levels of total cholesterol showed increasing trend as the size of the follicle increases but the variations are not statistically significant. The serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly higher (P< 0.01) than that of follicular fluid. There was increasing trend of glucose concentration in the follicular fluid and also in the serum of respective buffalo with increase in the size of the follicle but the difference was non-significant. The serum glucose concentrations were significantly higher than the levels in the follicular fluid. There was no variation in the serum levels of triiodothyronine between buffalo bearing small and medium sized follicle while, highest serum level was observed in buffalo bearing large sized follicle. The significant (P≤0.01) increase in the levels of T3 in large sized follicle may attribute to the increase in the activity of monodeioniase enzyme. The follicular fluid thyroxine level showed increasing trend with the size of the follicle but the variation was not significant. There was no significant variation in the levels of T4 in serum and follicular fluid in all the groups. Keywords: Biochemical constituents, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), follicular fluid.Download Full Article |
Editor’s Choice : Lactation Persistency in Bulgarian Murrah Buffalo Cows
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Abstract: With the objective to establish the lactation persistency and its variability as affected by different factors, the study assigned 953 lactations of 310 Bulgarian Murrah buffalo cows bred on the farm of Agricultural Institute – Shumen within the period 1967-2009. The main method of measurement was the mean post-peak milk yield reduction. The data were processed by the conventional statistical procedure, as well as by the software products LSMLMWandMIXMDL. The persistency of milk yield after reaching peak was established to be relatively high (89.22%). Its variance is to a great extent explained by the factors days in milk (P<0.001) and parity (P<0.001), defining favorable effect of increased lactation length, and adverse effect of advancement in lactation order. The significant effect of season of calving (P<0.001) is expressed in higher lactation persistency in the autumn and winter calvers. The other environmental factor, period, and the genetic factor (individual) are significant at P<0.01, while the effect of productivity level is not. The portion of the peak yield was estimated to be 15.75% of the lactation productivity, the percentage of the greatest yield drop – 11.38%, the persistency ratio between the first and second lactation half – 73.60%. Keywords: Buffaloes, lactation persistency, post-peak drop, effects.Download Full Article |