Table of Contents

Volume 14, 2018 

Agriculture
Effect of Potassium Chloride on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Three Rape Seed Varieties - Pages 186-190

Shakeela Bano Solangi,Zeeshan Ahmed Solangi, Afshan Bano Solangi, Shabana Memon, Jameel Ahmed Solangiand Sadaf Memon
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.28

Comparison of Foliar Verses Soil Application of Micronutrients on the Production of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Crop. - Pages 161-164

Arshad Ali Kaleri, Mukesh Kumar Soothar, Barkat Ali, Saeed Ahmed, Aurang Zaib, Abdul Jabbar Chandio, Feroz Gul Nizamani and Ayaz Ali Pahnwar
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.24

Efficacy of Extraction Methods of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract for Enhanced Growth and Yield of Wheat
- Pages 131-135

Muhammad Umer Chattha, Imran Khan, Muhammad Umair Hassan, Muhammad Bilal Chattha, Muhammad Nawaz, Asif Iqbal, Nazar Hussain Khan, Naveed Akhtar, Muhammad Usman, Mina Kharal and Muhammad Aman Ullah

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.19

Grain Yield, Nutrient Accumulation and Fertilizer Efficiency in Bread Wheat under Variable Nitrogen and Phosphorus Regimes - Pages 80-86
Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Abbas, Javiad Ahmed Shah and Muhammad Yousuf Memon
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.11

Impact of Unequal Distribution of Canal Water on Farm Produce: A Case Study Matli Taluka  - Pages 45-52
Zareen Khan Rind, Ghulam Ali Jariko, Shahabuddin Mughal and Ghazala Umer Baghal
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.07

Biochemistry
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of a Salt Tolerant α-Amylase Producing Isolate NH-25 - Pages 180-185

Mahnaz Ahmad, Raheela Rahmat Zohra and Shah Ali Ul Qader
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.27

Biotechnology
Role of Metal Ions, Surfactants and Solvents on Enzymatic Activity of Partial Purified Glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger ER05 - Pages 141-146
Erum Hanif, Shah Ali Ul Qader and Raheela Rahmat Zohra
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.21

Computer Sciences
Pedagogical Significance of Natural Language Programming in Introductory Programming - Pages 62-71
Muhammad Shumail Naveed and Muhammad Sarim
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.09

Food Sciences
Impact of Cooking Methods on Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of Apple Gourd - Pages 136-140
Aamna Soomro, Asadullah Marri, Nida Shaikh, Aijaz Hussain Soomro, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.20

Engineering
Reinforcement of Lime Ash Particles in LDPE - Pages 119-123
N. Khan, Z. Ahmed, M.A. Wasif and A. Nafees
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.17

Optimization of Surface Roughness and MRR in Powder Mix EDM Die-Sink for Inconel 718 using RSM - Pages 98-106
M. Ahsan Ul Haq, Salman Hussain, Wasim Ahmad, Mirza Jahanzaib, Waseem Iqbal and Saira Shehzadi
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.14

An Estimation of the Impact of Uninterpretable Power Supply Systems on Electricity Distribution Utility of Pakistan - Pages 92-97
Usama Qazi, Muhammad Rizwan Ali and Abdul Moqueet
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.13

An Empirical Analysis of a Process Industry to Explore the Accident Causation Factors: A Case Study of a Textile Mill in Pakistan - Pages 72-79
Muhammad Ali Bin Manzoor, Salman Hussain, Wasim Ahmad and Mirza Jahanzaib
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.10

Geography
Investigation of Ethnic Diversity In Pakistan: A Case Study of Karachi - Pages 246-253

Farhat Niazi and Azra Parveen Azad
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.38

Spatio-Temporal and Physiographical Study of the Abandoned Sutlej River: A Case of Jhangi Wala, Bahawalpur, Pakistan - Pages 124-130

Muhammad Javed Iqbal, M.M. Anwar, Muhammad Nasar U Minallah, Khalil-Ur- Rehman, Noor Hussain Chandio, K.V. Zakharov, Muhammad Mohsin and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.18

Impacts of Downtown Developments to Facilitate Environmental Sustainability and Presence of Core and Frame: A Case Study of Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan - Pages 23-31

Tanveen A. Rasheed, M. Imran Akram and Azra Parveen Azad
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.05

Microbiology
The Slaughtering and Dressing Procedures of Livestock Inside the Butcher Shops Generate High Levels of Bacterial Contamination - Pages 165-173

Fawzi I. Irshaid, Jacob H. Jacob and Saifaldeen I. Alhawamdeh
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.25

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Fixed Oil in Rodents - Pages 174-179

Salma, Sadia Ghousia Baig, Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hasan, Salman Ahmed and Syeda Anum Fatima
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.26

Study of Multi-Drug Resistance Associated with Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment by DOT Implementation Strategy in Pakistan - Pages 107-112

Sana Saeed, Moosa Raza, Maryam Shabbir, Muhammad Furqan Akhtar, Ali Sharif, Muhammad Zaman, Sajid Ali, Sajid Nawaz and Ayesha Saeed

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.15

Physics

Rydberg Energy Levels and Quantum Defects of some Semiconductor Elements - Pages 113-118

Ejaz Ahmed and Jehan Akbar

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.16

Correlation Structure of Solar Radio Bursts in Accordance with Solar Activity - Pages 17-22

Saifuddin Ahmed Jilani and Sana Wajih
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.04

Psychology
Using Art as Therapy with a Child with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - Comorbid Intellectual Disability: A Case Study - Pages 156-160

Hina Ayaz
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.23

Space Science
Relation between Luminosity and Surface Rotation of Spotted Stars- Pages 1-8
Ingila Rahim and Muhammad Rashid Kamal Ansari
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.01

Statistics
Latent Class Model on Socio-Religious Data - Pages 147-155

Bushra Shamshad and Junaid Saghir Siddiqi
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.22

Two way Panel Causality Analysis for Degree of Trade Openness and Size of City - Pages 32-44

Uzma Tabassum and Shaista Alam
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.06

Veterinary Science
Anti-Nematodal Efficacy of Ivermectin (Oral) and Extracts of Coriandrum sativum in Sheep in Barani Livestock Production Research Institute (BLPRI) Kherimurat, District Attak Punjab Pakistan - Pages 87-91
Memrez Khushal Gigyani, Khurshaid Anwar, Muhammad Ovais Omer, Habibun Nabi, Insanud Din, Anwarud Din and Zill E. Huma
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.12         

Effect of Dietary Selenium Supplementation on Morphology and Antioxidant Status in Testes of Goat - Pages 53-61
Iqra Bano, M. Malhi, S.A. Soomro, Safia Kandhro, Muhammad Awais, Seema Baloch, Saba Perveen and Hira Sajjad
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.08

Prevalence and Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus from Wound of Different Animal Species - Pages 12-16
Mussarat Kumbhar, Safia Kandhro, Rehmatullah Rind, Rameez Raja Kaleri, Iqra Shafi Chandio, Tanzila Farooq, Asif Rehman, Aijaz Junejo, Faisal Noor Qureshi and Mathan Kumar
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.03

Influence of Phytohormones on Callus Indication and Micrpropagation on Rose (Rosa indica L.) - Pages 9-11
Mehran Ali, Shahla Karim Baloch, Nighat Seema, Shafqat Yaeen, Arshad Ali Kaleri, Rameez Raja Kaleri, Ghulam Shah Nizamani, Ghulam Farooq Subhapoto, Mohsin Ali Kaleri, Faizan Shahani and Memona Shahani
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.02

Conference Proceeding
Edge Version of Harmonic Index and Harmonic Polynomial of Rooted Product Graphs - Pages 239-245

Muhammad Shoaib Sardar, Rabia Nazir, Sohail Zafar and Zohaib Zahid
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.37

Review of Pharmacological Activities of Vetiveria zizanoide (Linn) Nash - Pages 235-238

Saroosh Zahoor, Sammia Shahid and Urooj Fatima
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.36

The Gauß Sum and its Applications to Number Theory - Pages 230-234

Nadia Khan, Shin-Ichi Katayama, Toru Nakahara and Hiroshi Sekiguchi
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.35

Schiff Bases: Multipurpose Pharmacophores with Extensive Biological Applications  - Pages 217-229

Khurram Shahzad Munawar, Shah Muhammad Haroon, Syed Ammar Hussain and Hamid Raza
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.34

Pharmacological Activities of Carica papaya Linn - Pages 210-216

Urooj Fatima and Sammia Shahid
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.33

An Overview of the Antibacterial Implications of Lansium domesticum - Pages 206-209

Tabassum Munir, Khurrum Shahzad Munawar and Ayesha Mohyuddin
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.32

Biomarkers in Human and Environmental Health Risk Studies - Pages 202-205

Qasar Saleem, Tanveer Akbar and Aqsa Salamat
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.31

Determination and Comparison of Aspartame Level in Low Calorie Table Top Sweeteners by Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy - Pages 197-201

Narjis Naz and Subreena Altaf
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.30

Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity of Flower of Aloe vera and Leaf Extract of Aloe ferox - Pages 191-196

Shah Muhammad Haroon, Sammia Shahid, Syed Ammar Hussain and Hamid Raza
https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.29

Table of Contents

Volume 8 No. 2, 2012

Performance of some Promising Genotypes of Soybean Under Different Planting Dates Using Biplots Analysis
A.A. Kandil, A.E. Sharief, A.R. Morsy and A.I. Manar El-Sayed

Effect of Packing System, Calcium Chloride and Chlorine on the Storage Life of Strawberry Fruits (Fragaria ananassa cv. Kordistan)
Fatemeh Mozhdehi, Vahid Abdossi and Sepideh Kalatejari 

Impact of Release Intervals and Densities of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Against the Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) under Field Conditions
Raza Muhammad, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani, Nazia Suleman, Nazir Ahmad and Qadeer Ahmad

Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Chickpea Cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) under Salinity Stress
A.A. Kandil, A.E. Sharief and S.R.H. Ahmed

Germination and Seedling Characters of Different Wheat Cultivars under Salinity Stress
A.A. Kandil, A.E. Sharief and M.A. Elokda

Effect of Some Micronutrients on Damage Compensation and Yield Parameters in Okra
Syed Shahzad Ali, Wazhar Ali Pusio, Huma Rizwana, S. Shahbaz Ali, Shifarash Ghouri and S. Sohail Ahmad

Effect of Different Photo Periods on the Biological Parameters of Chrysoperla carnea under Laboratory Conditions
Qadeer Ahmed, Raza Muhammad, Nazir Ahmad, Javed Ahmed, Shahnaz Naz, Hayder Ali and Nazia Suleman

Effect of Application of Plant Growth Regulators on Earias vittella (Fabricius), Infestation and Yield Components of Cotton
S. Shahzad Ali, G.H. Abro, M.A. Rustamani and Shafi Mohammad Nizamani

Effect of Different Infestation Levels of Chilo Infuscatellus (Snellen) on Quantity and Quality Parameters of Sugarcane
Raza Muhammad, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani, Nazir Ahmad and Qadeer Ahmad

Biotechnology
Insecticidal Efficiency of Intergeneric Recombinants between Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis Against Viability of Cotton Leafworm
Saad A. Alotaibi

Botany
Effects of Lead Acetate on Morphology of Musca domestica L. (Muscidae: Dipptera)
Rizwanul Haq, M.farhan Ullah Khan and Ehtesham ul Haq

Heavy Protein Alteration under the Effects of Lead Acetate in Bactrocera cucurbitae

Rizwanul Haq, M. Farhanullah Khan and Ehteshamul Haq

Hazardous Effects of Lead Acetate on Heavy Proteins of Bactrocera zonata
Rizwan ul Haq

The Palliative Effect of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Lead Pollution in Lycopersicum esculentum Plants
Mona M. Abdalla and Nada El-Khoshiba

Chemistry
Immobilization of Leuconostoc-paramesenteroides Dextransucrase Enzyme and Characterization of its Enzyme Properties
Amal M. Hashem, Mona A. El-Refaei, Hasan M. Gebril and Ahmed F. Abdel-Fattah

Pilot Plant Study to Utilize Waste Brine Generated by Salt Industries
Farhan Ullah Khan*, Majid Mumtaz and Tehseen Ahmed

Pollutants of Wastewater Characteristics in Textile Industries
S.M. Imtiazuddin, Majid Mumtaz and Khalil A. Mallick

Computer Sciences
Evaluation of Basic Data Compression Algorithms in a Distributed Environment
Minhaj Ahmad Khan

Fragmentation Analysis For Scalable Wireless Local Area Networks
Minhaj Ahmad Khan

Engineering Technologies
Experimental Study on the Morphology of Keratin Based Material for Asbestos Free Brake Pad
O.S. Olokode, S.O. Fakolujo, P.O. Aiyedun, Z.O. Jaji, F.T. Owoeye and B.U. Anyanwu

Effects of Carburizing Process Variables on Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Carburized Mild Steel
A. Oyetunji and S.O. Adeosun

Environmental Sciences
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Five Tropical Forest Tree Legumes of Chittagong University Campus in Bangladesh
Nure Ferdousee, Khaled Misbahuzzaman and A.T.M. Rafiqul Hoque

Lead Pollution Measurement Along National Highway and Motorway in Punjab, Pakistan
Hashim Farooq, Yasir Jamil, Muhammad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Afzal Ahmad Khan, Tahir Mahmood, Zeeshan Mahmood, Zia-ul-Haq and Shakeel Ahmad Khan

Investigating the Influence of Cosmic Rays on Ozone Layer Depletion at Beijing, China
Bulbul Jan and M. Ayub Khan Yousuf Zai

Dosimetry Characterization of Unknown Dye Polyvinyl Alcohol Films
Muhammad Attique Khan Shahid, Noureen Kousar, Naseem Akhtar, Taqmeem Hussain, Mariam Saeed Awan, Arfa Mubashir, Bushra Bashir and Asif Javed

Near and Intermediate Field Evolution of A Negatively Buoyant Jet
Raed Bashitialshaaer and Kenneth M. Persson

Atmospheric Metal Constituent, Concentration and Health Impacts in the Urban Environment of Faisalabad (Pakistan)
Muhammad Attique Khan Shahid, Khadim Hussain and Maryam Saeed Awan

Micro Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Design Integrated with Wind Accelerating Techniques
Abdul Latif Maghanhar, Saleem Raza Samo and Altaf Hussain Rajpar

Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Leaf Litter Decomposition of Two Species of Mangroves, Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata
Waqar Ahmed and S. Shahid Shaukat

Food Sciences
Effect of Hot Water Treatment on the Chemical, Sensorial Properties and Ripening Quality of Chaunsa Mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Muhammad Shahnawaz, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh, Aasia Akbar Panwar, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli and Fahad Ahmed Awan

Genetics
Screening and Characterization of Luminescent Bacterial Strain
Uzma Badar, Erum Shoeb, Komal Daredia, Durr-e-Shawar, Jameela Akhtar and Maqsood A. Ansari

Mathematics
A Validation of the Real Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function via the Continuation Formula of the Zeta Function
O.O.A. Enoch and F.J. Adeyeye

Some New Exact Solutions for Prescribed Vorticity Distribution of Couple Stress Fluids in the Presence of Unknown Body Force
Rana Khalid Naeem

Study of Arabian Seawater Temperature Fluctuations
M. Arif Hussain, Shaheen Abbas, M. Rashid Kamal Ansari and Asma Zaffar

On the Spectral Expansions Connected with Schrödinger’s Operator of Continuous Functions in a Closed Domain
Abdumalik A. Rakhimov, Kamran Zakaria and Nazir Ali Khan

Exponential Sum Modeling of Reswick and Rogers Pressure-Duration Curve: A New Analysis and Model
Oscar A. Linares, Darko Stefanovski and Raymond C. Boston

Medical Sciences
Effect of Pesticide Residues on Health and Different Enzyme Levels in the Milk of Women from Karachi-Pakistan
Uzma Mehboob, Mohammad Ahmed Azmi, Mohammad Arshad Azmi and Syed Naeem ul Hasan Naqvi

A Comparative Study of the Antihypertensive Agents on Serum Liver Enzymes ALT, AST and ALP of Hypertensive and cardiac Patients
Aisha Javaid, Ruqaiya Hasan, Aisha Zohra and Zahir Hussain

Use of Distally Based Sural Artery Flap to Manage the Soft Tissue Defects of Lower Tibia and Ankle
Saeed Samo, Zulfiqar Soomro and Zamir Soomro

Surgical Management of Congenital TEV in Children at PMC Hospital Nawabshah
Saeed Samo, Zulfiqar Soomro, Zamir Soomro and Mehtab Pirwani

Management of Injuries of Tendon Achilles at NMC Hospital NawabShah
Saeed Samo, Zulfiqar Soomro, Zamir Soomro and Mehtab Pirwani

Frequency of Vitamin B12 and Red Cell Folate Deficiency in Macrocytic Anaemia
Tanweer Ahmed, A. Sabeen Rahman, Shaista Ahmed, Afshan Siddiqui, Aisha Javed, Jawed Kamal and Laeeq Ahmed
http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.68

Physics
Radiolytic Reduction of Aqueous Solutions of a Commercial Reactive Dye in the Range 0-100KGY by CO⁶⁰ Gamma Radiation Source

Taqmeem Hussain, Muhammad Shahbaz, Inam-ul-Haq and Hashim Farooq

Radiolysis of Commercial Dyes in Aqueous Solutions to Produce Dosimeters for Gamma Dosimetry
Taqmeem Hussain, Muhammad Yousuf Hussain, Muhammad Shahbaz, Inam-ul-Haq, Hashim Farooq and Shaukat Ali

The Effect of Grain Size on Radon Exhalation Rate in Soil Samples of Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan
Tabassum Nasir and Nisar Ahmad

Dosimetric Characteristics of Aqueous Solutions of Sandalfix Red Dye for Gamma Dosimetry
Taqmeem Hussain, Muhammad Shahbaz, Inam-ul-Haq, Hashim Farooq, Nasir Amin and Yasir Jamil

Troubleshooting Techniques of Complex Multi-Layered PCBs
Mirza Salman Baig and Ambreen Insaf

Gamma Dosimetric Response of Sandalfix Golden Yellow CRL Dye Solutions for Gamma Dosimetry Using Cs¹³⁷ in the Range 0-1KGy
Muhammad Yousuf Hussain, Taqmeem Hussain, Irfan Toqeer, Nasim Akhtar, Inam-ul-Haq and Hashim Farooq

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Solid Aerosols Generated from Different Industries of Faisalabad
Muhammad Attique Khan Shahid, Khadim Hussain and Maryam Saeed Awan

Measurement of Annual Effective Doses of Radon from Drinking Water and Dwellings by CR-39 Track Detectors in Kulachi City of Pakistan
Tabassum Nasir and Mujtaba Shah

Long Term Wind Trends Analysis of Coastal Belt of Pakistan
Zeeshan Alam Nayyar, Nayyer Alam Zaigham and Abdul Qadeer

Seasonal Variations and Characterization of Solid Aerosols Related to Faisalabad (Pakistan) Environment
Muhammad Attique Khan Shahid, Khadim Hussain and Mariam Saeed Awan

Gamma Radiation Effect on Commercial Reactive Dye in the Range 0-100KGy Using the Idea of the De-Coloration Factor and Extinction Coefficient
Taqmeem Hussain, Muhammad Attique Khan Shahid, Muhammad Shahbaz, Inam-ul-Haq and Hashim Farooq

Structural and Dielectric Properties of Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles
Hashim Farooq, Muhammad Raza Ahmad, Yasir Jamil, Abdul Hafeez, Zeeshan Mahmood and Tahir Mahmood

Dosimetric Evaluation and Verification of External Beam 3-D Treatment Plans in Humanoid Phantom Using Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLDs)
Rizwana Siddique, Zaheer Uddin and Muzaffar Hussain

Statistics
Poisson Regression Models for Count Data: Use in the Number of Deaths in the Santo Angelo (Brazil)
Suzana Russo, Diego Flender and Gabriel Francisco da Silva

The Bi-Gamma ROC Curve in a Straightforward Manner
Ehtesham Hussain

Exploration of Multiple Intelligence by Using Latent Class Model
Shaista Ismat and Junaid Sagir Sidiqui

Veterinary Science
Circulating Thyroid Hormones and Indices of Energy and Lipid Metabolism in Normal and Hormonally Induced Oestrus Cows
Mehdi Mohebbi-Fani, Saeed Nazifi, Somayeh Bahrami and Omid Jamshidi

Seroprevalence of Avian H9N2 Influenza Virus in a Population of Iranian Domestic Dogs
Mohammad Abbaszadeh Hasiri, Saeed Nazifi, Elham Mohsenifard and Maryam Ansari-Lari

Morphological Study and Determination of M/E Ratio in the Bone Marrow of the Male Adult Ostriches (Struthio camelus)
Mina Tadjalli, Saeed Nazifi, Behrokh Marzban and Banafsheh Majidi

Zoology
Toxic Effects Observed on Light Weight Proteins of Musca domestica with Pb(CH3COO)2
Rizwanul Haq, Ehteshamul Haq and M. Farhanullah Khan

Heavy Weight Protein Affected by Lead Acetate in Bactrocera dorsalis
Rizwanul Haq, M. Farhanullah Khan and Ehteshamul Haq

Comparative Toxic Effects of Methamidophos and Cypermethrin on Cholinesterase Enzyme of Callosobruchus analis
Nighat Gul, M. Farhanullah Khan, Afaq Ahmad Siddiqui and M. Arshad Azmi

Effect of Parasitic Infection on Glucose and Lipase of Host Pigeon (Columba livia) Tissues
Shazia Nisar, M. Farhanullah Khan and M. Arshad Azmi

Table of Contents

Volume 8 No. 1, 2012

Agriculture
Evaluation of Different Date Palm Varieties and Pheromone Traps Against Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in Sindh
Muhammad Usman Shar, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani, Shafi Muhammad Nizamani, Abdul Sattar Buriro, Liaquat Ali Bhutto and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi

Efficacy of Different Organophosphate Pesticides against Jassid Feeding on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Saleem Eijaz, M. Farhanullah Khan, Khalid Mahmood, Sohail Shaukat and Afaq Ahmed Siddiqui

Potential of Chromolaena odorata and Indigenous Bacterial Consortium for Oily Wastewater Treatment
Aweng Eh Rak, Noor Azlina Ibrahim and Marina Bujang

Encouragement Germination of Potato Seed Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.)
A.A. Kandil, A.E. Sharief and A.M.Y. Abd El-Atif

Influence of Certain Animal Manures on Incidence of Stem Canker and Black Scurf Disease on Potato
Heidi I.G. Abo-Elnaga, A.A. Mohamed, M.M. El-Fawy and A.M. Amein

Determination of Selected Physical Properties of Egusi Melon (Citrullus colocynthis lanatus) Seeds
Y.M. Bande, N.M. Adam, Y. Azmi and O. Jamarei

Biochemistry
Lipid Profile and Liver Histochemistry in Animal Models Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Gabriel Olaiya Omotoso, Bernard U Enaibe, Oluwole Busayo Akinola, R Eniola Kadir, Adelaja A Akinlolu, Adeoye Oyetunji Oyewopo, Solomon Toluwase Olawuyi, Joseph Oluwatope Adebayo, Olanrewaju Samuel Apalowo and Adeyemi Victor Sofoluwe

Effects of Nifedipine on Cation Transport and Na - K-ATPase Activity in Erythrocytes and Electrolyte Homeostasis in Rats

Najma Shaheen and Tabassum Mahboob

Biotechnology
Larvicidal Activities of Different Parts of Melia azedarach Linn. against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Ikram Ilahi, Imran Khan, Mohammad Tariq and Izhar Ahmad

Botany
Effects of Lead Acetate on Light Protein of Drosophila melanoigaster

Rizwanul Haq, M. Farhanullah Khan and Ehteshamul Haq

Medicinal Plants Used in Folk Recipes by the Inhabitants of Himalayan Region Poonch Valley Azad Kashmir (Pakistan)

Muhammad Azam Khan, Mir Ajab Khan and Mazhar Hussain

Chemistry
Isolation and Characterisation of l,l’-binaphthalene-2,2’-diol, A New Biaryl Natural Product from Sesbania grandiflora Root
Noviany, Hasnah Osman, Wong Keng Chong, Khalijah Awang and Nurhuda Manshoor

Computer Sciences
Association Rule Mining through Matrix Manipulation using Transaction Patternbase
Shahid Kamal, Roliana Ibrahim and Zia-ud-Din

Environmental Science
Low Cost Water Disinfectant System Using Solar Energy
Anees Fatima, Omm-e-Hany, Moazzam Ali Khan, Atif Shahzad and Sara Umair Siddiqui

Effect of Chromium, Cadmium and Arsenic on Growth and Morphology of HeLa Cells
Aftab Ahmad, Bushra Muneer and Abdul Rauf Shakoori

Discovery of the Major Mechanism of Global Warming and Climate Change

Paul C. Rivera and Tariq Masood Ali Khan

Food Science
Effect of Household Processing on the Removal of Pesticide Residues in Okra Vegetable
Saghir A. Sheikh, Shafi M. Nizamani, Beenish N. Mirani, Aasia A. Panhwar and Mahvish J. Channa

Removal of Pesticide Residues from Okra Vegetable through Traditional Processing
Saghir A. Sheikh, Shafi M. Nizamani, Aasia A. Panhwar, Mahvish J. Channa and Beenish N. Mirani

Geology
Microfaunal Assemblage of the Sui Main Limestone from Sui Gas Field, Pakistan

Salma Rafi, S.H. Khursheed and Syed Iqbal Mohsin

Risk Zone Mapping of Lead Pollution in Urban Groundwater

Azhar Siddique, Nayyer A. Zaigham, Shiekh Mohiuddin, Majid Mumtaz, Sumayya Saied and Khalil A. Mallick

Mathematics
A Class of Flows for Couple Stress Fluids
Rana Khalid Naeem

Arabian Seawater Temperature Fluctuations in the Twentieth Century

M.A. Hussain, Shaheen Abbas and M.R.K. Ansari

Medical Sciences
Semen Parameters and Hormaone Profile of Men Investigated for Infertility at Midland Fertility Centre, Ilorin, Nigeria
A.A.G. Jimoh, T.S. Olawuyi, G.O. Omotoso, A.O.Oyewopo and J.K. Dare

Histopathological Pattern of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Endometrial Biopsies
Talat Mirza, Saadia Akram, Aamir Mirza, Sadiya Aziz, Tariq Mirza and Tazeen Mustansar

Factors Affecting Levels of Health-Related Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students in Selangor, Malaysia
Kamil Abidalhussain Aboshkair, Saidon Bin Amri, Kok Lian Yee and Bahaman Bin Abu Samah

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Among HIV Seropositive Patients
Anamika Vyas, Ramavtar Saini and Pooja Gangrade

Determination of the Chronological Age of Skull Base Suture Closure Using Computed Tomography
Sattam S. Lingawi

Microbiology
Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity of Quercus persica
Ebrahimi Akram, Khayami Masoud and Nejati Vahid

Pharmacology
Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Carissa carandas (Auct.) Leaves Extract in Egg Yolk Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
S. Sumbul and S. I. Ahmed

Physiology
The Effects of Short-Term Administration of Weight Reducing Herbal Drug (Mehzileen) on Serum Enzymes in Common Rabbits

Ruqaiya Hasan, Aisha Javaid and Saqiba Fatima

Psychiatry
Clinical Profile of Child and Adolescent (≤16 years) Psychotic Disorders at a Tertiary Care Centre In India
Rajesh Sagar, Raman Deep Pattanayak and Manju Mehta

Statistics
Exploration of Groups Through Latent Structural Model

Bushra Shamshad and Junaid Saghir Siddiqi

Impact of FDI on Import Demand and Export Supply Functions of Pakistan: An Econometric Approach
Uzma Tabassum, Munazah Nazeer and Afaq Ahmed Siddiqui

Veterinary Science
Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Among Commercial Layers in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Mukhtar, Mian Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Irfan Anwar,  Zahid Hussain, Nadeem Bhatti and Saima Ali

The Effects of Zataria Multiflora Hydroalcoholic Extract on Some Liver Enzymes, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Albumin and Total Protein in Rat
Ameneh Khoshvaghti, Saeed Nazifi, Seena Derakhshaniyan and Bijan Akbarpour

Evaluation of Oregano and α-Tocopheryl Acetate on Laying Japanese Quail Diets
E. Christaki, E. Bonos, I. Giannenas and P. Florou-Paneri

Zoology
Current Status and Distribution of Reptiles of Sindh
Muhammad Zaheer Khan, Syed Ali Ghalib, Saima Siddiqui, Tanveer Fatima Siddiqui, Rehana Yasmeen Farooq, Ghazala Yasmeen, Darakhshan Abbas and Afsheen Zehra

Variations in Length and Weight of Oreochromis mossambicus in Malir River, Karachi, Pakistan
Farida Bano, Syeda Nazneen Rizvi and Sumera Farooq

Review Article
The Impact of Doctor–Pharma Relationships on Prescribing Practice
Imran Asif and Shehzad Amin

Short Communication
The Base "G" in TB86 Primer Frequently Used in the Amplification of katG Isoniazid Resistance Gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an Insertion

Muhammad Mumtaz Khan, Sajid Ali and Mustafa Kamal

Evaluation of Different Date Palm Varieties and Pheromone Traps Against Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in Sindh
Muhammad Usman Shar, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani, Shafi Muhammad Nizamani, Abdul Sattar Buriro, Liaquat Ali Bhutto and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Efficacy of Different Organophosphate Pesticides against Jassid Feeding on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Saleem Eijaz, M. Farhanullah Khan, Khalid Mahmood, Sohail Shaukat and Afaq Ahmed Siddiqui

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.19

Abstract Field studies were conducted for the determination of efficacy of different organophosphate pesticides viz Profenofos, Dimethoate , Acephate and Malathion against jassid (Amrasca devastans) feeding on okra crop. Seeds of okra crop were planted in randomized block design with 3 replicates. The pretreatment observations were recorded at 24 hour before spray, while, the post-treatment observations were taken after 1, 2, 3,4,5,6 and 7 days of treatment. The crop was sprayed four times repeatedly with 7 day interval during the experimental period. The results revealed that all of the tested pesticides reduced the population of Amrasca devastans except Profenofos. Though the Profenofos was unable to reduce the pest population but it was able to somewhat control the further proliferation of pest. In contrary Dimethoate was found as the most effective against the jassid with significant reduction in pest population against the control and other treatments.The results obtained from the research concluded that the organophosphate pesticides including Dimethoate, Acephate, and Malathion were found effective for controlling the jassid population feeding on okra but the low dose of pesticides including Profenfos were found ineffective.

Keywords: Organophosphate, Pesticides, Bioefficacy, Pests, Okra.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Lipid Profile and Liver Histochemistry in Animal Models Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Gabriel Olaiya Omotoso, Bernard U Enaibe, Oluwole Busayo Akinola, R Eniola Kadir, Adelaja A Akinlolu, Adeoye Oyetunji Oyewopo, Solomon Toluwase Olawuyi, Joseph Oluwatope Adebayo, Olanrewaju Samuel Apalowo and Adeyemi Victor Sofoluwe

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.04

Abstract: Cigarette smoke is known to be an important predisposing factor to many diseased conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, liver disease, atherosclerosis and other metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exposure to smoke from burnt cotton wool and cigarette on plasma lipids, liver biochemistry and histology, in adult Wistar rats. The animals were divided into three groups of Control A: exposed to fresh atmospheric air; Group B: exposed to cotton wool smoke; and, Group C, exposed to cigarette smoke; and the experiment lasted for 35 days. The animals exposed to cigarette smoke and cotton wool smoke showed higher values of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lower values of high density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to the control. The observation of the micro architecture and enzymes of the liver tissue revealed reduction in the number and size of liver cells, numerous fibrous tissues, elevated liver transaminases and reduction in endogenous anti-oxidants, with evidence of fatty degeneration, in animals exposed to cigarette smoke compared to those exposed to cotton wool smoke and fresh atmospheric air. Cigarette smoke caused accumulation of lipids in the liver cells, with evidence of on-going necrosis and fibrosis, which indicated the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Keywords: Cigarette smoke, enzymes, histology, lipids, liver.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Effects of Nifedipine on Cation Transport and Na - K-ATPase Activity in Erythrocytes and Electrolyte Homeostasis in Rats

Najma Shaheen and Tabassum Mahboob

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.11

Abstract: Calcium channel antagonists have been reported to reduce blood pressure in those individuals at risk of cardiac and cerebrovascular events. There is no specific study available regarding the role of electrolyte alterations in blood pressure lowering effects of nifedipine. The present study was designed to investigate the role of electrolyte homeostasis, changes in ouabain-sensitive Na⁺ K⁺ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, and net sodium efflux and potassium influx across blood cell membranes. Rats were divided into two experimental groups . Nifedipine (20mg/ kg body weight ) was administered by gastric tube to the test group . Control group received same volume of deionize water .The intra-erythrocyte sodium, serum sodium, potassium, calcium and sodium, calcium content of heart and kidney tissues were decreased significantly. Whereas, intra-erythrocyte potassium was slightly decreased or remained normal in nifedipine treated rats as compared to normal healthy rats. The Na - K - ATPase activity, serum magnesium, potassium and magnesium content in heart and kidney tissues were increased significantly. Results confirmed that nifedipine represses ion channels, transporters and calcium-binding proteins in tissues. Erythrocyte studies indicate that nifedipine blocks the entrance of calcium into the cells but also stimulate Na - K - ATPase activity, resulting in reduction of intracellular sodium concentration, thus suggesting direct nifedipine-induced blood pressure reduction.

Keywords: Nifedipine, electrolyte homeostasis, Na-K-ATPase, cation transport.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Larvicidal Activities of Different Parts of Melia azedarach Linn. against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Ikram Ilahi, Imran Khan, Mohammad Tariq and Izhar Ahmad

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.27

Abstract: Melia azedarach is a perennial tree, belongs to the family Meliaceae, and locally known as Tora Shandi in Swat and Dir regions of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (K.P.K). The present study was aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of aqueous extracts of different parts of Melia azedrach against Culex quinquefasciatus. Various concentrations (50, 100, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) of aqueous extracts of leaves, fruits and bark of Melia azedarach were tested for larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. There occurred a continuous increase in mortality of 3^rd and 4^th instar larvae with increase in concentration of the extracts. At 50ppm, the fruit extract caused 1.6 + 2.2 % mortality, leaves extract 17.60 + 6.0 % and bark extract caused 17.60 + 7.3 % mortality. The LC50 value for fruits extract was 2035.13ppm, leaves extract 612.250ppm and for bark extract 368.3ppm. Among the aqueous extracts of fruits, leaves and bark, the aqueous extract of bark was proved to be more toxic and an efficient larvicidal against Culex quinquefasciatus. The findings of the present study indicate that the aqueous extract of the bark of Melia azedarach of Dir region of khyber pakhtunkhwa can serve as a good source of preparations for pest control especially mosquito control.

Keywords: Aqueous extracts, Culex quinquefasciatus, Mortality, LC50.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Effects of Lead Acetate on Light Protein of Drosophila melanoigaster

Rizwanul Haq, M. Farhanullah Khan and Ehteshamul Haq

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.09

Abstract Lead is supposed to be an important poisonous waste, which could contaminate the environment, therefore, insects could be influenced easily by the lead. Drosophila melanogaster, was studied at 48 hours post treatment, under the effects of lead acetate, in different concentrations of 0.125 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg. It was observed that, under the effects of lead abnormalities, and deformity were developed in the larvae of flies. Thus these flies could present a useful module for the quick transmission of the environmental hazards due to lead contamination, which exerts a specific physiological and morphological effect on these flies.

Keywords: Effects, Lead acetate, Proteins D. melanogaster

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Medicinal Plants Used in Folk Recipes by the Inhabitants of Himalayan Region Poonch Valley Azad Kashmir (Pakistan)
Muhammad Azam Khan, Mir Ajab Khan and Mazhar Hussain

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.21

Abstract: Plants with medicinal properties were held in the highest esteem in indigenous medicine systems all over the world. All indigenous remedies, whether traditional or modern, have originated directly or indirectly from folklore, rituals and folk medicinal knowledge. The objective of this study was to collect the information about how the local people used the plants of their area to cure a wide variety of ailments in human and livestock. Extensive surveys were carried out during the field work; interviews were conducted with the local inhabitants, the herbalists ‘Hakims’ (local physicians). About fifty informants were interviewed on random basis. The ethnobotanical data obtained was checked and compared with the existing literature and was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. In total 68 species of plants belonging to 44 families were recorded as used medicinally for preparations of folk recipes of 68 ailments. During the field study, it was found that the indigenous knowledge related to medicinal uses comes from women age between 30-50 years, whereas the folk medicinal use comes from men. This survey indicated that 72% source of indigenous knowledge related to the medicinal use of plants comes from people between age of 50 years, while 28% of it comes from people between age 30 and 50 years. The survey also indicated that men especially old one’s are more informative of folk knowledge of medicinal plants than women in the area. It was also indicated that about 60% of the homemade drugs were used by people above the age of 50 years, 30% by children below age of 15 years especially infants. While remaining 10% of the traditional medicines of plant origin were utilized by people between ages of 15-50 years.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, ethnobotany, traditional medicines, folk knowledge, and folk recipes.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Low Cost Water Disinfectant System Using Solar Energy

Anees Fatima, Omm-e-Hany, Moazzam Ali Khan, Atif Shahzad and Sara Umair Siddiqui

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.01

Abstract: Solar disinfection unit is unsophisticated, efficient and reasonably priced water treatment process appropriate for use in developing countries. Water was filtered through cloth, net and coconut husk to remove any suspended particles in water which would directly increase the efficiency of solar disinfection. The filtered water is then transferred in solar disinfection unit. Water with Escherichia coli as indicator organism was filled in the solar disinfection unit comprising of four polyethylene terepthalate (PET) plastic bottles joined together with PVC pipes. These bottles were kept in direct sunlight for 12-48 hours. Weather conditions and solar radiation were obtained using different programs. Solar radiations and elevated temperature destroyed the indicator organism efficiently. Health peril of chemical released in water was well thought-out and was determined to be safe with respect to human consumption. The efficiency of solar disinfection was augmented by use of semi-conductor titanium dioxide (TiO2) which reduced the time for exposure up to 90%. The temperature increase and dissolved oxygen decrease in the disinfection process which was overcome by retaining this water in traditional earthenware water storage vessels (mutka). Allowing accessibility to better life through improved quality of water.

Keywords: Solar disinfection system, E. coli, drinking water.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Effect of Chromium, Cadmium and Arsenic on Growth and Morphology of HeLa Cells
Aftab Ahmad, Bushra Muneer and Abdul Rauf Shakoori

 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.17

Abstract: Rapid industrialization and anthropogenic activities are main causes of environmental pollution and level of heavy metals is on the increase in biosphere. These heavy metals have deleterious effects on human health and cause many abnormalities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of arsenic, chromium and cadmium on the growth and morphology of HeLa cell. The total protein profile of control as well as treated cells was checked by SDS-PAGE. Chromium was used to induce the expression of metallothionein protein and expression of protein was detected by SDS-PAGE. There was reduction in proliferation of cells in chromium, cadmium and arsenic containing medium. Cell necrosis was observed with the increase in the concentration of chromium and at 0.10 μg/mL concentration of chromium complete cell lysis was observed. There was change in morphology of cells with increase in concentration of cadmium and at 1.0 µg/ml cells became round. Arsenic also proved to be deleterious for the growth of HeLa cells and there was change in morphology of cells at 1.0 µg/ml but it was not as toxic as chromium and cadmium. There was no difference in protein profile of control and chromium treated cells except lower in concentration of protein due to less number of cells. Metallothionein were not observed in treated cells by SDS-PAGE. Heavy metal have very deleterious effects on human cells and with increase in metal concentration there was change in morphology of cells and also great reduction in proliferation.

Keywords: HeLa cells, Heavy Metals. Apoptosis, Metallothionein.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Discovery of the Major Mechanism of Global Warming and Climate Change

Paul C. Rivera and Tariq Masood Ali Khan

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.13

Abstract: Statistical analysis of the number of destructive earthquakes versus global temperature and greenhouse gases revealed very significant correlations. The motion of the North Pole, deduced from the geomagnetic polar shift data, is highly correlated with major earthquakes. This is an indication that the frequent occurrence of major earthquakes had increased earth’s obliquity and induced global warming and possibly emission of greenhouse gases. It was shown by a simple model developed here that seismic-induced oceanic force could enhance the obliquity leading to increased solar radiative flux on earth. The increase of the absorbed solar radiation due to polar tilt was also confirmed by SOLRAD model which computed a net gain of solar radiative forcing due to enhanced obliquity. SOLRAD also revealed a poleward gain of solar radiative flux which could have facilitated the observed polar amplification of global warming. Multiple regression analysis also showed that polar shift and solar irradiance played a major role in the temperature rise and CO₂ increase in recent years. The analysis showed that obliquity change due to North Pole shift and total solar irradiance accounted for 63.5% and 36.4% respectively, while CO₂ changes accounted for 0.1% of the observed global warming. Preliminary simulations conducted with EdGCM climate model also showed that enhanced obliquity increases the absorbed solar radiative flux, surface air and ocean temperatures, and decreases ocean ice cover. This study confirmed in several ways that earthquake-perturbed obliquity change, and not greenhouse effect, is the major mechanism governing the present global warming and climate change problem.

Keywords: Major earthquakes, polar shift, obliquity change, global warming, climate change, SOLRAD model, EdGCM.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Effect of Household Processing on the Removal of Pesticide Residues in Okra Vegetable
Saghir A. Sheikh, Shafi M. Nizamani, Beenish N. Mirani, Aasia A. Panhwar and Mahvish J. Channa

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.22

Abstract: The study has been designed to determine the extent of pesticide residues removal from okra through household processing. For this, okra crop was grown on university farm and application of pesticides were carried out at recommended dosage. After 24 hours, the okra was harvested, labeled and brought to the laboratory of Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for their analyses and further processing such as washing, detergent washing, sun-drying and cooking, etc. being practiced at various households. Pesticide residues were extracted from okra by solvent partitioning and cleaned by C₁₈ cartridges/activated charcoal by using acetonitrile for elution and then cleaned up residues were analyzed through HPLC-UV.

The analysis of data revealed that imidacloprid is highly effective against pests at low dosages and its residues in processed as well as unprocessed okra samples were within MRLs (0.5ppm). Imidacloprid residues 0.31 ppm in unwashed okra was reduced to 0.082 ppm by detergent washing (73% removal). Emamectin benzoate residues were high in unwashed okra (0.51 ppm as against MRLs of 0.2ppm), however, its residues were reduced to MRLs by detergent washing and subsequent processing by frying, thermal dehydration or sun-drying of detergent washed okra.

Keywords: House hold processing, Okra, Pesticides, HPLC.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Removal of Pesticide Residues from Okra Vegetable through Traditional Processing
Saghir A. Sheikh, Shafi M. Nizamani, Aasia A. Panhwar, Mahvish J. Channa and Beenish N. Mirani

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.23

Abstract: Demand for vegetables in Pakistan is constantly increasing to feed growing population. Pakistan is the second largest producer of okra and in Sindh okra is produced throughout the year. Okra crop is attacked by variety of insect pests and commercial okra production relies heavily on the pesticides belonging to organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate, pyrethroid and neo-nicotinoid groups for pest control. Moreover, growers do not observe safety interval for okra harvest. Hence the okra sold in Pakistani markets is highly contaminated with pesticide residues. Aim of this research study was to determine the extent of pesticide residue decontamination in okra vegetable through traditional processing.

Okra crop was sprayed with bifenthrin, profenofos and endosulfan, and different processing were applied on okra such as washing, detergent washing, sun-drying and cooking, etc. Bifenthrin, profenofos and endosulfan pesticide residues were extracted from okra by solvent partitioning and cleaned up through Florisil column using organic solvents for elusion as described by EPA and FDA procedures. Cleaned up residues were analyzed through GC-μECD.

The results revealed that endosulfan levels were reduced to MRL by detergent washing (from 2.01 ppm in unwashed samples to 1.03ppm). Profenofos residues (3.21ppm) were reduced to MRL (2.0ppm) by detergent washing and by combination of plain water washing and frying. Bifenthrin MRL is very low (0.04ppm) and only combination of detergent washing and frying reduced residues from 0.311 ppm to 0.042 ppm.

Keywords: Okra, Pesticides, Traditional processing.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Microfaunal Assemblage of the Sui Main Limestone from Sui Gas Field, Pakistan

Salma Rafi, S.H. Khursheed and Syed Iqbal Mohsin

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.12

Abstract: Reservoir that has produced gas for the last fifty (50) years and continues to produce 600 MMCF per day. The characteristic microfossil assemblages within the SML have been studied from fifty two thin sections of the reservoir rock from four Sui wells for understanding the reservoir architecture and quality.

There are two distinctive fossil assemblages within SML Formation. The major lower part (>300m) is a carbonate facies of massive fossiliferous limestone dominated by Nummulites along with Alveolina, Discocyclina and Miliolids. The upper part (20m) consists of argillaceous fossiliferous limestone interbedded with calcareous shale layers, making a transition to the overlying Ghazij shales. Assilina is the characteristic fossil with its associated assemblage.

Keywords: Sui main limestone, eocene (Ypresian), reservoir, sui gas field, microfauna, foramiifera, paleoenvironment.

Download PDF file :::: Back to Top ↑

Risk Zone Mapping of Lead Pollution in Urban Groundwater

Azhar Siddique, Nayyer A. Zaigham, Shiekh Mohiuddin, Majid Mumtaz, Sumayya Saied and Khalil A. Mallick

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.15

Abstract: Groundwater samples (n = 230) were collected from various parts of the Karachi City (Pakistan), Karachi is an urban coastal City situated at the southern most part of the Pakistan along the Arabian Sea. The groundwater samples were subjected to electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (EAAS) for the analysis of Pb. Variable Pb levels were observed in groundwater samples from different parts of the city. The relative higher concentrations of Pb were found in the industrial area of the Lyari River vicinity and along the coastal belt. GIS risk zone model based on disjunctive kriging were generated and areas associated with higher risk for Pb contamination were classified on the map. The outcomes of the study stressed that GIS spatial analysis could be a useful tool for the assessment and forecasting of health risk in complex urban environmental setup.