JBAS Articles

JBASV8N2A22- Performance of some Promising Genotypes of Soybean Under Different Planting Dates Using Biplots Analysis

Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences  -   Volume 8 Number 2

Performance of some Promising Genotypes of Soybean Under Different Planting Dates Using Biplots Analysis

A.A. Kandil, A.E. Sharief, A.R. Morsy and A.I. Manar El-Sayed

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.22

Abstract: Soybean yield is affected by planting dates and there are significant efficiency losses when planting are done outward a relatively restricted period. Genotypes and environment are major contributing factor of plant phenotype. Economically important quantitative traits include agronomic characteristics. Four separate experiments are carried out in each season at the experimental farm of Sakha Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh during 2010 and 2011seasons. Seed yield of six soybeans cultivars i.e. Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 111, H2L12, H30 and H32 examined at four different sowing dates i.e. 20th April, 5th May, of 20th May and 5th June of their effect on seed yield, and yield components. Highest number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight (g), and seed yield. Soybean cultivars showed high difference in seed yield and its component, Giza 21 exhibited maximum number of pods/plant, 100 seed yield, and seed yield. H32 cultivar contributed highest number of branches/plant. Through genotypes and genotypes x environment biplots of regression model analysis results, the performance of a cultivar at different environments was compared, the performance of six cultivars at different environments (planting dates) were compared. The results indicated that sown on 5th May increased seed yield/ha by 19.7% compared with sown on 5th June and increased seed yield by 17.9% compared with sown on 20th April, and increased seed yield by 10.3% compared with sown on 20th May. It could be noticed that Giza 21 cultivar exceeded H32 line by 16.63%, H30 line by 14.6%, Giza 22 cultivar by 13.7%, H2L12 line by 6.5% and Giza 111 by 5.3% in seed yield/ha. Highest yielding cultivars at the different mega environments were identified, and ideal cultivars and test planting date was identified. It could be suggested that soybean genotypes of Giza 21 and Giza 111 are the most promising for planting date 5th May and recorded concentrated seed yield/ha.

Keywords: Soybean genotypes, sowing dates, biplots analysis, seed yield and yield attributes.

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Chemical Properties of Carburized Mild Steel
A. Oyetunji*,1 and S.O. Adeosun*,2
1Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering The Federal University of Technology, Akure Ondo State
Nigeria
2Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Lagos, Akoka Lagos Nigeria
Abstract: This work evaluates the suitability of using palm kernel shell, animal bone (mammalian bones from cattle) and
sea shell (oyster shell) materials as carburizers for case hardening of 0.078%C mild steel. The mild steel sample used in
this study sourced from universal steel company, Ikeja Lagos Nigeria was cut into suitable sizes using hacksaw machine
for tensile and hardness tests. The carburizing media used were milled into fine powder while Barium trioxo (iv)
carbonate (VI) (BaCO3) was used as an energizer in the carburizing process.
Three rectangular stainless steel plate boxes were fabricated to accommodate each of the steel samples and carburized.
A calculated amount of each carburizer was weighed into each of the stainless steel boxes and 20 wt % of BaC03 was
mixed with each of them. Mild steel samples were covered completely in each of the boxes with the mixture of the
carburizer and energizer placed in the furnace chamber. The carburizing temperatures varied between 700 - 1100oC
while the holding time varied between 1-5 hrs. The boxes and its contents were allowed to cool down to room
temperature in the furnace after carburization.
All samples were heated to 850oC after been soaked for 30 minutes at this temperature and oil quenched. This was to
increase the hardness of the case. Fifteen (15) of these samples were further tempered at 350oC for 2hrs to relieve the
stress built up during quenching. Hardness test, tensile strength tests and chemical analysis were carried out on the
samples. It was observed that the hardness values of the untempered samples are superior to the tempered ones at
carburizing temperatures of 7000C, 8000C and 9000C. On the other hand, the tensile strengths of the tempered samples
are higher relative to the untempered samples at carburizing temperatures of 7000C, 10000C and 11000C. The results of
the carbon analysis show that palm kernel shell and animal bone are potentially suitable to be used as a carburizing
media than the sea shell at high temperatures (above 10000C) with holding time above 1 hr.
Keywords: Carburizers, hardness, tensile, carburizing time and temperature, pack carburizing, quenching and
tempering properties.

JBASV8N2A15 - Seroprevalence of Avian H9N2 Influenza Virus in a Population of Iranian Domestic Dogs

Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences  -   Volume 8 Number 2

Seroprevalence of Avian H9N2 Influenza Virus in a Population of Iranian Domestic Dogs

Mohammad Abbaszadeh Hasiri, Saeed Nazifi, Elham Mohsenifard and Maryam Ansari-Lari

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.15

Abstract: The prevalence of H9N2 influenza virus in dogs was first time observed in Fars province of Iran. A total of 182 dogs were selected from the clinical cases at the Small Animal Clinic of Veterinary Medicine School, Shiraz University. After obtaining history, physical examination was performed and blood samples were obtained for serological examination (Eliza and HI assay) for the detection of H9N2-specific antibodies. Associated factors (age, breed, diet, place, presence of other dogs, general symptoms, respiratory and gastrointestinal signs) were also evaluated. The positive results showed that 81.7 % of ELISA positive cases had titer ≥ 32 for H9N2 influenza in HI test. Although positive result were found more in dogs with general or respiratory signs, no significant differences were observed in the evaluated factors and seropositivity. This research showed high seroprevalence of Ab against H9N2 in dogs and made this hypothesis that H9N2 may be important in dogs in virus persistence. Additional research is needed for detection of epidemiologic role of dogs in transmission and pathogenesis of H9N2 in dogs and humans.

Keyword: Canine influenza virus, Avian influenza virus, H9N2, Dog, Iran, Seroprevalence.

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Effects of Carburizing Process Variables on Mechanical and
Chemical Properties of Carburized Mild Steel
A. Oyetunji*,1 and S.O. Adeosun*,2
1Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering The Federal University of Technology, Akure Ondo State
Nigeria
2Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Lagos, Akoka Lagos Nigeria
Abstract: This work evaluates the suitability of using palm kernel shell, animal bone (mammalian bones from cattle) and
sea shell (oyster shell) materials as carburizers for case hardening of 0.078%C mild steel. The mild steel sample used in
this study sourced from universal steel company, Ikeja Lagos Nigeria was cut into suitable sizes using hacksaw machine
for tensile and hardness tests. The carburizing media used were milled into fine powder while Barium trioxo (iv)
carbonate (VI) (BaCO3) was used as an energizer in the carburizing process.
Three rectangular stainless steel plate boxes were fabricated to accommodate each of the steel samples and carburized.
A calculated amount of each carburizer was weighed into each of the stainless steel boxes and 20 wt % of BaC03 was
mixed with each of them. Mild steel samples were covered completely in each of the boxes with the mixture of the
carburizer and energizer placed in the furnace chamber. The carburizing temperatures varied between 700 - 1100oC
while the holding time varied between 1-5 hrs. The boxes and its contents were allowed to cool down to room
temperature in the furnace after carburization.
All samples were heated to 850oC after been soaked for 30 minutes at this temperature and oil quenched. This was to
increase the hardness of the case. Fifteen (15) of these samples were further tempered at 350oC for 2hrs to relieve the
stress built up during quenching. Hardness test, tensile strength tests and chemical analysis were carried out on the
samples. It was observed that the hardness values of the untempered samples are superior to the tempered ones at
carburizing temperatures of 7000C, 8000C and 9000C. On the other hand, the tensile strengths of the tempered samples
are higher relative to the untempered samples at carburizing temperatures of 7000C, 10000C and 11000C. The results of
the carbon analysis show that palm kernel shell and animal bone are potentially suitable to be used as a carburizing
media than the sea shell at high temperatures (above 10000C) with holding time above 1 hr.
Keywords: Carburizers, hardness, tensile, carburizing time and temperature, pack carburizing, quenching and
tempering properties.

JBASV8N2A16- Immobilization of Leuconostoc-paramesenteroides Dextransucrase Enzyme and Characterization of its Enzyme Properties

Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences  -   Volume 8 Number 2

Immobilization of Leuconostoc-paramesenteroides Dextransucrase Enzyme and Characterization of its Enzyme Properties

Amal M. Hashem, Mona A. El-Refaei, Hasan M. Gebril and Ahmed F. Abdel-Fattah

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.16

Abstract: Dextransucrase from Leuconostoc-paramesenteroides was immobilized using different immobilization techniques. Entrapment in calcium alginate (2%) proved to be the most suitable technique (27.6% yields). The operational stability of the immobilized was retained 100% until 11 cycle, with decreasing of 70%, of the retained activity at 13 cycles. The specific activity of the free was compared to that of the immobilized enzyme. The optimum temperature of the free enzyme was 65°C were as it was 70°C with the immobilized enzyme. The specific activity of the immobilized was higher than that of the free enzyme at pH 4. 100% of the specific activity was retained due to the thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme after heat treatment for 60 minutes at 60°C. The activation energy (EA) of the immobilized enzyme was lower than that of the free enzyme (EA= 10.3 and 12.13 Kcal/mol respectively). The calculated half-lives of the free enzyme at 40, 50, 60 and 70 were 15.0, 4.68, 4.68 and 4.0 min respectively which were lower than those of immobilized enzyme i.e. 401, 385, 295 and 42 min, respectively.

Keywords: Dextransucrase, enzyme immobilization, calcium alginate, Leuconostoc.

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Chemical Properties of Carburized Mild Steel
A. Oyetunji*,1 and S.O. Adeosun*,2
1Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering The Federal University of Technology, Akure Ondo State
Nigeria
2Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Lagos, Akoka Lagos Nigeria
Abstract: This work evaluates the suitability of using palm kernel shell, animal bone (mammalian bones from cattle) and
sea shell (oyster shell) materials as carburizers for case hardening of 0.078%C mild steel. The mild steel sample used in
this study sourced from universal steel company, Ikeja Lagos Nigeria was cut into suitable sizes using hacksaw machine
for tensile and hardness tests. The carburizing media used were milled into fine powder while Barium trioxo (iv)
carbonate (VI) (BaCO3) was used as an energizer in the carburizing process.
Three rectangular stainless steel plate boxes were fabricated to accommodate each of the steel samples and carburized.
A calculated amount of each carburizer was weighed into each of the stainless steel boxes and 20 wt % of BaC03 was
mixed with each of them. Mild steel samples were covered completely in each of the boxes with the mixture of the
carburizer and energizer placed in the furnace chamber. The carburizing temperatures varied between 700 - 1100oC
while the holding time varied between 1-5 hrs. The boxes and its contents were allowed to cool down to room
temperature in the furnace after carburization.
All samples were heated to 850oC after been soaked for 30 minutes at this temperature and oil quenched. This was to
increase the hardness of the case. Fifteen (15) of these samples were further tempered at 350oC for 2hrs to relieve the
stress built up during quenching. Hardness test, tensile strength tests and chemical analysis were carried out on the
samples. It was observed that the hardness values of the untempered samples are superior to the tempered ones at
carburizing temperatures of 7000C, 8000C and 9000C. On the other hand, the tensile strengths of the tempered samples
are higher relative to the untempered samples at carburizing temperatures of 7000C, 10000C and 11000C. The results of
the carbon analysis show that palm kernel shell and animal bone are potentially suitable to be used as a carburizing
media than the sea shell at high temperatures (above 10000C) with holding time above 1 hr.
Keywords: Carburizers, hardness, tensile, carburizing time and temperature, pack carburizing, quenching and
tempering properties.

JBASV8N2A17- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Five Tropical Forest Tree Legumes of Chittagong University Campus in Bangladesh

Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences  -   Volume 8 Number 2

 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Five Tropical Forest Tree Legumes of Chittagong University Campus in Bangladesh

 Nure Ferdousee, Khaled Misbahuzzaman and A.T.M. Rafiqul Hoque

 http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.17

Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization in five tropical forest tree legumes (Gliricidia sepium, Dalbergia sissoo, Indigofera tysmanii, Delonix regia and Samanea saman) was investigated in Chittagong University (CU) campus. The results of the present study clearly suggests that, Vesicular AM fungi (VAM) are common in all the studied forest tree species, and that the studied forest tree species differ in their rates of AM formation. The intensity of colonization is maximum (98%) in I. tysmonii followed by D. sissoo (95%), D. regia (63%), S. saman (59%) and G. sepium (52%). Coiled structures of hyphae were recorded in D. regia. Arbuscule formation was recorded in D. sissoo and in I. tysmonii. Mycorrhizal spores were found in rhizosphere soils of all the sites. Glomus, Acaulospora, Entrophospora and Gigaspora spores were identified in all the hosts. Forest plants differ in their rates of AM formation. Edhapic conditions like moisture content, soil pH also influence the extent of root colonization.

Keyword: Mycorrhizae, Legume, Colonization, Edhapic condition, Rhizosphere, Underground networking.

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Chemical Properties of Carburized Mild Steel
A. Oyetunji*,1 and S.O. Adeosun*,2
1Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering The Federal University of Technology, Akure Ondo State
Nigeria
2Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Lagos, Akoka Lagos Nigeria
Abstract: This work evaluates the suitability of using palm kernel shell, animal bone (mammalian bones from cattle) and
sea shell (oyster shell) materials as carburizers for case hardening of 0.078%C mild steel. The mild steel sample used in
this study sourced from universal steel company, Ikeja Lagos Nigeria was cut into suitable sizes using hacksaw machine
for tensile and hardness tests. The carburizing media used were milled into fine powder while Barium trioxo (iv)
carbonate (VI) (BaCO3) was used as an energizer in the carburizing process.
Three rectangular stainless steel plate boxes were fabricated to accommodate each of the steel samples and carburized.
A calculated amount of each carburizer was weighed into each of the stainless steel boxes and 20 wt % of BaC03 was
mixed with each of them. Mild steel samples were covered completely in each of the boxes with the mixture of the
carburizer and energizer placed in the furnace chamber. The carburizing temperatures varied between 700 - 1100oC
while the holding time varied between 1-5 hrs. The boxes and its contents were allowed to cool down to room
temperature in the furnace after carburization.
All samples were heated to 850oC after been soaked for 30 minutes at this temperature and oil quenched. This was to
increase the hardness of the case. Fifteen (15) of these samples were further tempered at 350oC for 2hrs to relieve the
stress built up during quenching. Hardness test, tensile strength tests and chemical analysis were carried out on the
samples. It was observed that the hardness values of the untempered samples are superior to the tempered ones at
carburizing temperatures of 7000C, 8000C and 9000C. On the other hand, the tensile strengths of the tempered samples
are higher relative to the untempered samples at carburizing temperatures of 7000C, 10000C and 11000C. The results of
the carbon analysis show that palm kernel shell and animal bone are potentially suitable to be used as a carburizing
media than the sea shell at high temperatures (above 10000C) with holding time above 1 hr.
Keywords: Carburizers, hardness, tensile, carburizing time and temperature, pack carburizing, quenching and
tempering properties.