Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences  -   Volume 8 Number 2


Use of Distally Based Sural Artery Flap to Manage the Soft Tissue Defects of Lower Tibia and Ankle
Saeed Samo, Zulfiqar Soomro and Zamir Soomro

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.58

Abstract: Objective: To present experience of soft tissue cover of lower one third of tibia and ankle treated by an orthopaedic surgeon without the presence of a plastic surgeon but of course, depending on the reliability of this flap.

Patients and Methods: Nineteen patients, fifteen males and four females, with soft tissue defect of lower one third tibia and ankle requiring soft tissue cover were treated from April 2002 to September 2005. The flap was outlined at the posterior aspect of junction of upper and middle 1/3 leg.

The pivot point of the pedicle was at least 5cm i.e., 3 fingers’ breadth above the lateral mallelous to allow anastomosis with the peroneal artery. Skin incision was started along the line in which the fascial pedicle would be taken. The sub dermal layer was dissected to expose the sural nerve, accompanying superficial sural vessels and short saphenous vein. The subcutaneous fascial pedicle was elevated, with a width of 2cm to include the nerve and these vessels. At the proximal margin of the flap, the nerve and the vessels were ligated and severed. The skin island was elevated with the deep fascia. The donor site defect was closed directly when the flap was less than 3cm wide. A larger donor site defect along with the pedicle was covered with a split thickness skin graft.

Results: All flaps except two survived. Most flaps showed slight venous congestion which cleared in a few days. There was no loss of split skin graft & none was lost to follow up.

Conclusion: Distally based Sural artery flap remains the choice for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of lower 1/3 tibia and ankle. The dissection is easy, quicker and can be done by an orthopaedic surgeon already involved in flap surgery; without the presence of plastic surgeon.

Keywords: Soft tissue defects, distally based sural artery flap, Lower third of tibia & ankle.

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The Effect of Grain Size on Radon Exhalation Rate in Soil Samples of Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan

Tabassum Nasir and Nisar Ahmad

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.29

Abstract: Radon concentration and its exhalation rate has been measured from twenty five soil samples collected from seven different locations of Dera Ismail Khan, in the north west of Pakistan. These samples were crushed after drying and passed through sieves with different sizes of pores to get three grain sizes, £0.595 mm, 0.595-2.00 mm and 2.00-4.00 mm of soil. CR-39 based NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board) radon dosimeters have been used to measure the radon concentration and exhalation rates. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has found to be: (3.57±0.38) Bq m-2 hr-1 in the samples having grain size 2.00-4.00 mm and the minimum as: (2.21±0.26) Bq m-2 hr-1, in the samples with grain size £ 0.0595 mm. This indicates that the radon exhalation rate increases with the grain size. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has been found in samples collected from river side where soil texture is silty clay loam. The obtained values of radon exhalation rate for all the samples are well below the world average value of 57.60 Bq m-2 hr-1.

Keywords: Radon concentration, Radon exhalation rate, grain size, soil texture.

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