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Abstract : An Analysis of Poverty and Inequality among Indigenous Nationalities of Nepal
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Abstract: Indigenous nationalities are among the poor and deprived communities around the globe, and it follows the same pattern in Nepal, but the poverty level of each ethnic population within the broader category of indigenous nationalities are not homogenous. This paper has calculated and analyzed the poverty status of each ethnic community within indigenous nationalities. The study is based on the raw data of Nepal Social Inclusion Survey, Social Inclusion Atlas-Ethnographic Profile project conducted by the then Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Tribhuvan University, and Nepal Living Standard Survey – III. The study shows that the ten poorest groups have a poverty rate of more than double the national average whereas the ten affluent groups have poverty rate below the national average. The finding indicates the existence of strong inter-ethnic economic inequality. Thus, the benefits and opportunities to the indigenous nationalities should be prioritized based on the financial status of each ethnic community rather than considering them in a single homogenous basket. Keywords: Indigenous Nationalities, Nepal, Poverty, Inequality, affirmative actions.
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Abstract : When the Periphery Meets the Core of a Party-Press System: Remember Comrade Lei Feng in China’s Shifting Media Kaleidscope
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Abstract: At the epicenter of China’s reform, media adapt their propagandist role to different extents. They present distinct images about China’s Communist past. Against the backdrop, we examine media reconstructions of Lei Feng, a Communist icon CCP created in the 1960s. Drawing on media reform and collective memory literature, we find party-organ newspapers draw on altruism and loyalty in his original image to promote social stability and economic development for present purposes. Meanwhile, user generated contents in cyberspace question the authenticity of Lei Feng’s official records. Different reconstructions collide in online discussions. When commemoration is linked to chronicling, Lei Feng becomes a demoralizing lie; when not, a symbol for much-needed virtues in the present. Implications for understanding China’s media reform and for China’s collective memorization of revolutionary heroes are discussed. Keywords: Comrade Lei Feng, collective memory, media reform.
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Abstract : The Challenge of Climate Change to Rural Dwellers in Esanland
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Abstract: The study appraises the effects of climate change on rural dwellers in Esanland, Edo State, Nigeria. It investigates how the rural dwellers in Esanland perceive climate change. This is to deepen the understanding of the rural dwellers’ awareness and vulnerability to climate change. The study uses primary and secondary data. Primary data is obtained through the administration of the structured questionnaire, conduct of in-depth interviews and field observation. The secondary data is sourced from textbooks, journals, conference proceedings, and publications of relevant government agencies. Descriptive method of data analysis is utilized to analyze the data. The results show that climate change has resulted in reduced soil fertility and food production; distorted the eco-system as well as induced health challenges among rural dwellers in Esanland. The study concludes that though there is a general awareness of climate change among rural dwellers in Esanland the area are still very much venerable to the adverse effects of climate change because of inadequate information, lack of finance among others. Keywords: Esanland, Climate Change, Development, Poverty, Governance.
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Abstract : The Muslims of India and the First World War 1914-1918
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Abstract: The years 2014-2018 marks the centenary of the World War I which was practically fought in Europe but left deep imprints beyond the European boarders and indirectly involved the whole world. At that time India was the largest British colony having about one fourth Muslim population from whom British snatched power and being ruled by the British also took part in the war. Hindus and Muslims were the two major communities of India and when the war broke out both pledged loyalty to the British. The defeat of Turkey left Indian Muslims into confusion and consternation. Being the only surviving Muslim empire, ruling large Christian population and ostensibly capable of resisting Europe, Turkey had been the pride of the Muslims. Turkey, being a symbol of the worldly power of Islam and the seat of its ‘universal’ caliphate, provided common platform to the Muslims. Turkey had also given the feelings of security to the Indian Muslims in the midst of the Hindu majority. The spirit of cooperation and loyalty with the British that had been so evident at the beginning of the World War I was wholly destroyed at the end of the War and the stage was set for a protracted struggle. The War instigated organized movements for the independence of India. The Indian Muslims launched a movement at the end of the WWI Known as Khilafat* (Caliphate) movement for the protection of the institution of Caliphate. The anti-British nature of this movement got full support of Gandhi, who advocated political agitation on a massive scale. The Hindu-Muslims alliance and the Khilafat movement ended in 1922. Although the movement did not achieve its goals and Caliphate was abolished in Turkey but it united the Muslims of India against British for the first time for their own cause. The British promises with the Indian Muslims during WWI regarding the protection of the institution of Caliphate, and the dismemberment of Turkey after the War;replacement of pan-Islamism with western nationalism;birth of modern and secular Turkey opened new avenues of thinking for the Muslims of India. The feeling of distrust and insecurity made inroads among Indian Muslims that paved the way for political transformation of India. In the post war period by passing through different crisis the Indian Muslims envisioned their future. Nationalism emerged as a strong phenomenon and on the basis of being a separate nation from Hindus they demanded a separate homeland that eventually led to the creation of Pakistan. The paper delves the history of the Muslims in India and their association with the central institution of Caliphate. It focuses the First World War and its impact on the Muslims of India specifically after the defeat of Turkey. It deals with the post war developments when Muslims became susceptible about their future in united India. It examines the Khilafat (Caliphate) movement which later on became the basis of independence movement of Indian Muslims and creation of Pakistan. Keywords: Colony, Ottomans, Caliphate, Indian Muslims, political transformation.
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Abstract : Insecurity and Major Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria
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Abstract: This paper investigated the major determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria from 1999 to 2014 about the high rate of insecurity in the country within the period. The paper used both primary and secondary data which were analysed by qualitative and descriptive method while internalisation theory and Dunning eclectic paradigm provided bases for analysis. Findings revealed that insecurity has not significantly affected in-flow of FDI due to the country's unique characteristics that strengthen the lure of profits in investors over the risk of attacks. However, the prevalence of insecurity provided leeway for foreign investors to engage in sharp practices at the expense of the government and the people of Nigeria. Keywords: Insecurity, FDI, Location, and Determinant Factors.
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