ijcs
Abstract : An Empirical Study on the Role of Parents in Academic Achievement of Children in Private Schools of Karachi
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Abstract: This study examines the parental involvement in the academic achievement of the children in Old Golimar, Karachi. The factors included in the study were parental involvement which is measured with; communicating of parents, decision making of parents, friendly behavior of parents, qualification of parents, parents’ schools’ association, parent child interaction, parent teachers’ meetings, to understand the children, solving children problems, helping the children in school works and academic achievement which is measured with; response of children, potential of children, hesitation of children, outcome of children, academic performance, good marks, participation in activities, school work completion, good attendance, being active in class, understanding the lecture and over all factors of parental involvement in the academic performances of the children in Old Golimar, Karachi. After getting the list of total enrollments of schools then the researcher used Raosoft sample size calculator, and got the sample of 165 out of total population, which was 714. Proportionate stratified sampling technique was used and data collected through a structured questionnaire. The results and findings of the whole research show that there is a significant relationship between the parental involvement and the academic achievement of the children. Keywords: Parental Involvement, Academic performance, parenting, communicating, Decision making, Parents-teachers association, homework help . |
Abstract : The Evolution of International Criminal Tribunals
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Abstract: International criminal justice is a relatively new and uniquely distinct system of criminal justice. It combines international law and criminal law from various legal systems. Historically, international law applied only to States; however, it is now applied to individuals through its merging with criminal law. The majority of States have been genuinely unwilling or unable to prosecute those most responsible for the planning and commission of international crimes. This lack of genuine willingness to prosecute perpetrators of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity has resulted in the recent creation of multiple international criminal tribunals. The emergence of international and quasi-international criminal tribunals should not reflect the assumption that the idea of such courts is new. On the contrary, the idea and discussions for creating international criminal tribunals have been with us for well over a century. This article traces the evolution of international criminal tribunals starting from 1864. Each major debate to establish an international criminal tribunal is closely analyzed. The article concludes with analysis of the International Criminal Court. Keywords: International Criminal Law, International Criminal Justice, International Criminal Courts and Tribunals, International Crimes . |
Abstract : Recidivism and Inmate Mental Illness
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Abstract: Purpose: With over 700,000 mentally ill inmates are held in U.S. jails and prisons, this study provides a comprehensive assessment of the effect of mental illness among released prisoners on a series of re-entry recidivism outcomes. Methods: Using a cohort of 200,889 inmates released from Florida prisons from 2004 to 2011, several recidivism outcomes are examined among 40,145 individuals with a mental health diagnosis and 10,826 with a serious mental illness are compared with inmates without a mental illness diagnosis. We control for a host of factors known to influence recidivism outcomes using binary logistic regression for one, two, and three year follow-up periods and survival analysis to assess the timing to recidivism. Results: Inmates diagnosed with any type of mental illness are significantly more likely to recidivate and among inmates with a mental illness, those diagnosed with a serious mental condition are significantly more likely to recidivate than those with a less serious mental illness diagnosis. Conclusions: Policies and practices need to ensure that in-prison and community mental health systems have sufficient resources and capacity to adequately address the needs of inmates with mental health issues to reduce the likelihood of these individuals re-offending and ultimately returning to prison. Keywords: Mental illness, recidivism, prisoner re-entry. |
Abstract : Reentry of Released Female Prisoners into the Community
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Abstract: The literature shows a strong connection between lack of employment and involvement in crime, while finding employment represents a turning point in the life of the offender. This study examined the reentry to society of 126 female Israeli prisoners who participated in the Rehabilitation-Vocational Program, most of them were on parole, and others after release. It focused on the women's search for work, their “employment preparedness”, and their stability in the workplace. Despite the multi- problem nature of the released female population, the results indicate a relatively high success rate of stability in the workplace. The study indicates that employment was found after approximately two months. This interval from time of release to time of employment is consistent with the assumption that the former prisoners need a period of treatment and adjustment before entry in the workforce. The Rehabilitation-Vocational Program utilizes volunteers from the community and develops programs based on mentors who are positive role models. The findings indicate that such a model assists the former female prisoners in successfully reintagrating with the community. Keywords: Released prisoners, female offenders, reentry, employment, rehabilitation. |
Abstract : The Importance of ‘Manualised Psychotherapy Practice’ in Community Mental Health Care: A Clinical View Point
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Abstract: There are many varieties of psychotherapy used in community mental health care such as Cognitive behaviour therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy, group therapy, family therapy and solution focused therapy to name a few. In the current practice environment ' manualised psychotherapy ' is becoming increasingly popular amongst health care practitioners because of the reduced budgets and the need for regular reviews of commissioning arrangements. There is also the need to produce more evidence based interventions with measurable and deliverable clinical outcomes to enhance the overall quality of health care. This is with a view to provide an efficient and a cost effective community mental health service. Some of the inherent advantages of ‘manualised psychotherapy’ are that it promotes 'consistency of approach ' in the sessions and that it facilitates the Internal validity of the data so obtained and minimises the effect of the impact of the therapist on the outcomes. It also constitutes the core of Randomised controlled Clinical trials and thereby helps to compare the efficacy of different psychological therapeutic interventions. it is seen as a link between research and clinical practice. Some of the disadvantages are that it is too regimented, inflexible and limits creativity and that it is an 'ivory tower concept ' which is not in touch with the reality of every day practice in community mental health care. In conclusion the popularity of ‘manualised psychotherapy’ in clinical practice is a welcome development and is a useful addition to the armamentarium of the health care practitioner in providing an efficient and cost effective service. Keywords: Manual, Therapy, mental health, community, practice, treatment. |