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Abstract - Labor-Use Efficiency in Saudi Manufacturing Sectors
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Abstract: This paper seeks to examine the process of adjustment in labor and to measure labor-use efficiency in Saudi manufacturing sectors. The theoretical framework is based on a dynamic flexible adjustment model applied to a panel of seven Saudi industries observed from 2007 to 2015. It investigates the process of adjustment in labor Saudization level toward a desired level. The adjustment process is both industrial and time-specific, and is expressed in terms of factors affecting the speed of adjustment. The empirical results show that, in the long run, labor Saudization responds greatly to gross domestic product, followed by unit Saudi wage and least by non-Saudi labor. In addition, labor over-use in Saudi manufacturing sectors is reduced after application of Nitaqat program. Keywords: Labor Saudization, Labor-use efficiency, Panel data, Saudi, Speed of adjustment, Technical change. |
Abstract - Internet and Consumer behaviour in Travel and Tourism: A European Cross-National Analysis
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Abstract: The emergence of the internet and the development of ICTs have transformed communications and the marketing of products and services. This paper examines the extent to which the internet has penetrated homes in the various EU countries and how online consumers behave in activities linked to travel and tourism. The years 2007 and 2016 were analysed in order to make a comparison over time of the progression of the internet and ICTs among EU citizens and to examine similarities and differences in behaviour patterns in the field of tourism. This study helps confirm a correlation between digitalisation and ICTs in buying habits for tourism products and services, finding that though digital divides between countries are narrowing over time, this is not the case in the use of ICTs in tourism in particular. Our findings indicate divergent behaviour patterns and trends in online travel and accommodation management and in the way that ICTs are used in the European Union. Keywords: Internet, ICTs, eTourism, consumer behaviour, EU, digital tourism. |
Abstract - Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intent: A Cross-Country Comparison of Generation Y University Students
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Abstract: This paper convey the findings of a study carried out to compare the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentionsof students from two universities within the Southern African continent. A cross-sectional survey, based on 400 students from two universities of two different countries (South Africa and Zimbabwe) was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Using the theory of planned behavior, personal attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial education were used to predict entrepreneurial intentions. Personal attitude and subjective norms and entrepreneurial education seem to positively influence behavioral intentions. Behavioral control showed insignificant predictive relationship with behavioral intentions. It is recommended that entrepreneurial education should be made a core and integral component of study at universities so that universities as social institutions can create an impetus with a holistic approach including all role players with adequate resources to support students in entrepreneurial ventures. Keywords: Entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurship, Generation Y, South Africa, Zimbabwe, entrepreneurial education. |
Abstract - Contribution of Organizational Learning and Market Orientation on Business Unit Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction at Dairy Cattle Milk Cooperatives in East Java, Indonesia
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Abstract: Dairy cattle milk cooperatives in East Java has been threatened to be failure in achieving the target of Milk Self-Capacity By 2020. The reason of this failure threat is low productivity among dairy cattle milk entrepreneurs. Productivity is closely related with performance of dairy cattle milk business units, but this performance is affected by factors such as organizational learning, market orientation and job satisfaction. The objective of this research is to understand the contribution of organizational learning and market orientation on business unit performance through mediation of job satisfaction. This research is designed to use quantitative approach. The causal relationship across research variables is examined with Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Research population is 52 dairy cattle milk cooperatives in East Java. Sampling method is simple random sampling, and after using this sampling to populaton, it results in a sample of 46 cooperatives. Data are collected through questionnaire. Questions on questionnaire are made and processed with Software SmartPLS Version 3.27. Research has given some results: (1) Organizational Learning and Market Orientation have a positive contribution to the increase of Job Satisfaction; (2) Organizational Learning and Market Orientation do not have a positive contribution to the increase of Business Unit Performance; and (3) Job Satisfaction has a positive contribution to the increase of Business Unit Performance at dairy cattle milk cooperatives in East Java. Keywords: Organizational Learning, Market Orientation, Job Satisfaction, Business Unit Performance. |
Abstract - The Impact of Governance on Income Inequality in Ten Asian Countries
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Abstract: This study utilizes panel data analysis over the 1996 to 2015 period to investigate the impact of governance quality (including democratic quality and technical quality) on income inequality in ten Asain countries, classified as “advanced economies” and “emerging market and developing economies”. The empirical results show that the impacts of democratic quality and technical quality on income inequality are significantly negative within “emerging market and developing economies”. However, for the “advanced economies”, the effects of democratic quality and technical quality on income inequality are nonsignificantly positive and significantly positive, respectively. These findings imply that promoting good governance is useful to reduce income inequality for “emerging market and developing economies” but the effect may not be effective for “advanced economies. Keywords: Income Inequality, Governance, Panel Data Analysis. |