ijbwi

Mini-Review of Dehydrated Products: Nutritional Properties and Mineral Components of Freeze Dried Tropical Fruits - Pages 15-21

Siti Alyani Mat, Noor Azwani Zainol and Mohamad Roji Sarmidi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2018.07.02

Published: 24 September 2018

Abstract: The purpose of dehydration process is to reduce moisture content to prolong shelf life, to promote convenience and at the same time to assist transportation of delicate and perishable products across long distances. Freeze drying is known as one of the best methods to retain quality compared to other dehydration processes. This is due to lower instances of rupture of the structure and minimal loss of nutrient. These parameters are important to consumers and also for the food industry. This mini-review compares methods of dehydration processes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages when used in combination with other technologies. Data compilation on nutritional properties and mineral components of tropical fruits, namely guava, pineapple, papaya and jackfruits which had underwent freeze drying technologies are also reviewed.

Keywords: Tropical fruits, preservations, freeze dried fruits, nutritional properties, minerals component.

Download

Testing

Download

Improvement of Bioconversion of Vitamin D₃ into Calcitriol by Actinomyces hyovaginalis through Protoplast Fusion and Enzyme Immobilization
Pages 32-40
Ahmad M. Abbas, Khaled M. Aboshanab, Walid F. Elkhatib, Mohammad M. Aboulwafa and Nadia A. Hassouna

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.4

Published: 21 April 2017

Abstract: Protoplast fusion and enzyme immobilization techniques were applied to increase calcitriol production from vitamin D₃ using Actinomyces hyovaginalis, a local isolate recovered from Egyptian soil, that has a potential bioconversion activity of vitamin D₃ into calcitriol. A total of sixteen protoplast hybrids, formed between Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate and two Bacillus species (B. thuringiensis and B. weihenstephanensis)were screened for vitamin D₃ bioconversion activity. Compared to wild type isolate, four hybrids (formed between Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate and B. thuringiensis)were found to preserve the bioconversion activity; out of which, three hybrids coded V2B, V3B and V8A exhibited higher calcitriol production. The hybrids coded V2B and V8A produced, per 1 L culture medium, about 0.5 and 0.4 mg calcitriol corresponding to 350% and 280%, respectively, increase compared to the wild type isolate. Among different alginate concentrations applied, immobilization of cell lysate of Actinomyces hyovaginalis isolate using 2% alginate showed 140% increase in calcitriol production from vitamin D₃ compared to the free cell lysate. Activity of the immobilized form was preserved for five repetitive uses over a period of 15 days but with a 50% decline in production occurring at the fifth use.

Keywords: Bioconversion, protoplast fusion, immobilization, vitamin D₃, calcitriol, Actinomyces hyovaginalis.

Download

The Edible Mushroom Pleurotus spp.: II. Medicinal Values
Pages 1-11
Helmi Johari Masri, Parisa Maftoun, Roslinda Abd Malek, Ali Zineddine Boumehira, Avnish Pareek, Siti Zulaiha Hanapi, Ong Mei Ling and Hesham El Enshasy

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.1

Published: 21 April 2017

Abstract: Mushrooms health benefit was recognized in the Orient from several thousand years ago as globally consumption and has third largest commercially production. The genus Pleurotus (oyster mushroom) is an organoleptic fast growing fungus which belongs to basidiomycota group. Although 70 species is discovered until now for this genus, but only few of them are available in market such as Pleurotus florida, P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus. They have been used in human diet throughout the world due to their rich nutrients such as protein, fiber carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins and lipid. It should be noted that low amount calories, Sodium, fat and cholesterol is reported in this genus. Many pharmaceutical companies in the Far East and China are viewing the medicinal mushrooms as a rich source of innovative biomedical molecules. These molecules can be extracted from different part of oyster mushroom such as fruiting body, mycelia and culture broth. Mainly they are biopolymers including polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids as they are more variable to carry biological information. The medicinal properties of Pleurotus spp studied by several authors, as a result antitumor, immunomodulating, antiviral, antibacterial, antigenotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolamic, antihypertensive, antiinociceptive, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-platelet-aggregating, antihepatoma, anti poliferative and antiatherosclerotic. In this chapter, biodivertsity of genus Pleurotus will be discussed regarding nutritional and bioactive compounds. Furthermore the prospective of oyster mushroom for therapeutic application and concept will be highlighted..

Keywords: Pleurotus spp., medicinal mushrooms, mushrooms bioactive metabolites, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial.

Download

Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Immunomodulatory Activities of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus gasseri against some Bacterial Pathogens
Pages 12-21
Doaa Mohamed Osama, Walid Faisal Elkhatib, Amany M. Tawfeik, Mohammad Mabrouk Aboulwafa and Nadia Abdel-Haleem Hassouna

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2017.06.01.2

Published: 21 April 2017

Abstract: In this study, two Lactobacillus (LAB) strains namely, Lactobacillus rhamnosus EMCC 1105 (L. rhamnosus) and Lactobacillus gasseri EMCC 1930(L. gasseri) were tested for their antagonistic activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which are known to be frequently implicated in biofilm infections. The acidic cell free culture supernatant (CFS) of 24 h and 48 h cultures of both LAB stains showed antimicrobial effects against the three pathogens in radial diffusion assay. These effects were abolished upon neutralization of CFS indicating that this effect was due to acids only. Both LAB strains could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of the three test pathogens and largely replaced them on polystyrene surfaces as demonstrated by crystal violet staining, viable count and scanning electron microscopy. Both of the tested LAB strains could inhibit the protease productivity of S. aureus in 24 h and 48 h dual species-biofilms. The supernatant of 24 h-dual biofilms of P. aeruginosa with L. gasseri also showed a significantly lower protease activity compared to that of P. aeruginosa individual biofilm. Neither LAB strains affected phospholipase C production by the test pathogens when they co-exist during biofilm formation. The different preparations of LAB strains caused no significant change in the levels of gamma interferon expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to stimulation by the test pathogens in vitro. In conclusion, L. gasseri and L. rhamnosus can be considered as promising tools for combating biofilm infections.