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Abstract : Role of Hormones in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - An Update
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Abstract: Background: Hormones have been recognized as regulator of the cell growth, differentiation and maturation. It has become increasingly evident that hormone may play a crucial role in the genesis and progression of several cancers like those of breast, ovary, testis, thyroid, prostrate including oral cancer. Aim: Present overview aims to discuss and provide data on possible role of various hormones including stress hormone, sex hormone, parathyroid and related hormone protein, melatonin and active metabolite of vitamin D3 in causation and progression of Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Data Acquisition: A systematic search of existing literature was carried out for the keywords like hormones and cancer, hormones and oral cancer or OSCC utilizing the Google, Google Scholar and PubMed databases for extraction, assortment and compilation of data. Inference: In conclusion, we found that hormones are directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of the OSCC and can be utilized in its management and prevention. Keywords: Cancer, Hormones, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Steroids. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Comparative Epidemiological Profiles in Prostate Cancer Algerian and Mauritanian Patients: Retrospective Study of 124 Cases
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Abstract: Prostate cancer (Pca) is a common neoplasia in elderly men. Its incidence increased over the last two decades in the Northern Africa.This study aimed to perform a comparison between epidemiological profiles of Pca in patients from two Maghreb countries (Algeria and Mauritania).This is a retrospective study carried out during 2014-2016, on population of 124 cases including 64 Pca Algerian patients recorded in the Oncology Department of Saida hospital, the Urology Department of Oran University Hospital and 60 Pca Mauritanians patients recruited in the National Oncology Center and the Friendship Hospital in Nouakchott. For these Pca patiens of different ethnic origin, demographic characteristics were studied and biological monitoring of the tumor marker PSA (prostate specific antigen) was performed in medical biological analysis laboratories using the same methods of serum-PSA assay.The mean age was significantly different in both groups of Pca Algerian and Mauritanian patients (respectively 74 vs 70 years). No significant positive correlation between the age and the PSA, in both groups, was recorded (R = 0.00796 vs R = 0.127) (p ˃ 0.05). The mean serum- PSA levels were 156.5 ± 76.4 ( Pca Algerians) and 179.3 ± 52.1 ng / mL (Pca Mauritanians). Histological evidence was obtained in 54.6 % (Pca Algerians) and 23.3 % (Pca Mauritanian patients). 15 Pca Patients with metastatic tumor stage and 17 cases of death were found. Prostate cancer essentially affects men old over 50 years in both Northern African countries and this comparative study showed the same methods of screening, diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of Pca used in these two areas. Keywords: Prostate cancer, Neoplasia, Retrospective study, Oncology, Urology, Prostate specific antigen. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Evaluation of Concordance between Gleason Scores of Tansrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy Samples in Prostate Cancer
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Abstract: Objective: In this study, we investigated the concordance between Gleason scores of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer via transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and treated with radical prostatectomy in our clinic. Material and Method: 115 patients were included in our study treated with radical prostatectomy for organ-confined prostate cancer between the dates of November 2011 and December 2014. Data of these patients are reviewed retrospectively. Results: The average age of the patients was 61.8 ± 6.8 (43-76) years. The average body mass index of these patients were (BMI) 26.7 ± 3.34 (19.3 – 35.3) kg/m². Average PSA value was 6.6 ± 10.1 (1.4 – 80) ng/ml. Gleason scores of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and radical prostatectomy were observed concordant in 74 (64.3%) of 115 patients, while 41 (35.6%) were not concordant. Gleason score was decreased by 1 grade for 8.6% (10 patients) of patients, it was increased by 1 for 26.0% (30 patients) of patients and for 0.8% (1 patient) it was increased by 3. Discussion: These findings indicate indicate that Gleason scores of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and prostatectomy specimens may be discordant. Keywords: Gleason score, prostate biopsy, prostate cancer, PSA, radical prostatectomy. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Hyperglycosylated hCG Drives Malignancy in Most or All Human Cancers: Tying All Research Together
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Abstract: Objectives: Two forms of hCG are produced, the hormone hCG binding a luteinizing hormone/hCG joint receptor and the autocrine hyperglycosylated hCG binding a TGF-ß receptor. In pregnancy, hyperglycosylated hCG drives placental cell growth and invasion in implantation of pregnancy. It also blocks apoptosis. Human cancer cells steal the hCG ß-subunit gene and use hyperglycosylated hCG and its ß-subunit to drive malignancy. Here we examine research into hyperglycosylated hCG and its ß-subunit, and show that these molecules drive malignancy in most or possibly all human cancers. Methods: Mouse monoclonal antibody B152was raised against intact hyperglycosylated hCG, batch C5. The antibody binds hyperglycosylated hCG and its ß-subunit but does not bind the hormone hCG or its subunits. Total hCG was measured using the Siemens Immulite hCG assay, hyperglycosylated hCG and its ß-subunit were measured using the antibody B152 assay. Results: Eight independent center show that the hCG ß-subunit produced by cancers promotes malignancy, enhances cancer cell growth, cancer cell invasion and blockage of apoptosis in cancers. A study of 42 choriocarcinoma cases shows that percentage hyperglycosylated hCG exactly correlates with weekly doubling rate of cancer. It is concluded that hyperglycosylated hCG drive malignancy in this cancer. In a study with 7 separate cancers it is shown that increasing concentrations of hyperglycosylated hCG enhance all cancers. Increasing concentration of monoclonal antibody B152. Hyperglycosylated hCG and its ß-subunit drives cancer growth, cancer invasion and blocks apoptosis in cancer cells. Antibody B152 suppressed cancer cell growth creating a non-malignant-like state (no growth, no invasion), with no cancer growth over a starting 70% confluency. Conclusions: Choriocarcinoma is an example of cancer driven in malignancy by hyperglycosylated hCG, cancer aggression (weekly doubling rate) exactly correlating with percent hyperglycosylated hCG. In examining cancers, antibody B152 suppresses malignancy totally halting cancer growth in 7 of 7 cancer. This confirms that only the antigens, hyperglycosylated hCG and its ß-subunit drives malignancy in cancer cases. Keywords: hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, malignancy. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Strength Training as an Adjunct to the Maintenance of Muscle Mass in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
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Abstract: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common types of the disease, particularly among men, and is characterized by a high incidence of death. Among the non-pharmacological factors that help in survival and improving quality of life is physical exercise, especially strength training. The purpose of this short communication was to briefly review the literature and present a training proposal for oncology patients with HNC. Evidence is provided that physical exercise, mainly short-term strength (HIIT [High-Intensity Interval Training]) and aerobic training, contributes to increased expectation and quality of life in cancer survivors. After reviewing the current state of literature, we conclude that strength training, by providing maintenance of muscle mass, improves the autonomy and quality of life of oncology patients with HNC. Keywords: Cancer, exercise, strength training, health. Download Full Article |