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Abstract : Physical and Chemical Mutation for Enhanced Alpha-Amylase Production by Aspergillus fumigatus NTCC1222 under Solid State Fermentation Conditions Using Agri-Residue Waste
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Abstract: The search for better microbial sources of enzymes has long been an area of active research owing to the clear and distinct importance in todays’ world where exploration and application of environment friendly products has become a necessity. Though the natural, wild microbial strains, are continuously be searched and explored for their potential for amylase production yet, simultaneous attempts for improved enzyme production are necessary too. In the present study, a comparison between the influence of different mutational treatments (UV treatment and EMS-EtBr treatment) on amylase production was studied. Aspergillus fumigatus NTCC1222, an indigenously isolated amylase producer, which has shown an amylase activity of 341.7 U/mL under optimized conditions of SSF in our previous study, was subjected to UV- and EMS-EtBr- treatment for possible improved amylase production under optimized solid state fermentation conditions. The UV mutated strains yielded an amylase production of 614.2 U/mL while the chemically (EMS-EtBr) mutated strain produced 814.1 U/mL of amylase activity thereby indicating the successful enhancement in amylase activity for the test fungal strain. Keywords: |
Abstract : The Effect of Mulberry Leaf Tea on Postprandial Glycemic Control and Insulin Sensitivity: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
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Abstract: Leaves of mulberry (Morus alba, L.) have been one of the prominent herbs widely used by traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mulberry leaf tea on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin sensitivity after the ingestion of sucrose solution in non-diabetic subjects. This study was conducted on 14 subjects, with a crossover design. Subjects were initially screened for non-diabetic status (FBS < 126 mg/dL). Subjects were randomized to either mulberry leaf tea or water as control. The drink was consumed 30 minutes prior to oral administration of 75 grams sucrose solution. Blood samples were collected before (time point 0) and after sucrose ingestion at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. The treatment group which received mulberry leaf tea prior to the tolerance test tends to have a lower level of plasma glucose, serum insulin concentrations and AUC0-150 compared to the controlled group, but without significant difference. The mean difference of the incremental glucose level at each time point also tends to be lower for the mulberry group, with significant difference at 30-min time point (p = 0.04). No significant differences were found in insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the consumption of mulberry leaf tea may aid in postprandial glycemic control during the first 30 minutes after meal. Keywords: |
Abstract : Drug Release Profile and Cellular Uptake of Polymeric Prodrugs Synthesized from Amphiphilic Blockcopolymer Using Mechanically Produced Macromonomers Possessing Anhydrate as a Terminal Group
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Abstract: In this paper, the polymeric micelle was fabricated with amphiphilic block copolymer which was synthesized by the condensation of mechanochemically produced PBzMA macromonomer with a-methyl-w-aminopropoxy polyoxyethylene. Although the polymeric micelles containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or rohdamine showed the narrow size distribution as well as blank polymeric micelles, the particle diameter of the polymeric micelles containing 5-FU or rohdamine was larger than that of blank polymeric micelle. Polymeric micelle containing 5-FU slowly released 5-FU and about 10 % of 5-FU was released within 72 h. The present polymeric micelle was uptaken by A549 cells, but HepG2 cells did not. Cytotoxicity of Polymeric micelle containing 5-FU was not observed against HepG2 and A549 cells in this experimental condition. It was considered that the slow release of 5-FU from Polymeric micelle might cause the insufficient cytotoxicity. Keywords: |
Abstract : Inhibitory Effects of Leaves of Guava (Psidium guajava) on TPA-Induced Inflammation and Tumor Promotion in Two-Stage Carcinogenesis in Mouse Skin
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Abstract: Cancer prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term health strategy. The methanol extract of the leaves of guava(Psidium guajava) exhibits marked antitumor activity in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test in mice using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA) as a promoter. From the active fraction of the methanol extract, five triterpene acids, uvaol (1), ursolic acid (2), corosolic acid (3), asiatic aci (4), and oleanolic acid d (5), were isolated and identified. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on TPA-induced inflammation (1 µg/ear) in mice, and showed marked anti-inflammatory effects, with a 50% inhibitory dose of 117–657 nmol/ear. The leaves of guava may therefore be effective for cancer prevention.. Keywords: Guava, Psidium guajava, antitumor promotion, anti-inflammation, cancer prevention. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Dapoxetine Treatment Leads to Attenuation of Chronic Unpredictable Stress Induced Behavioral Deficits in Rats Model of Depression
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Abstract: Stressful conditions possess a complex relationship with brain and body’s reaction to stress and beginning of depression. The hypofunctioning of Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is known to be established in unpredictable chronic mild stress exposure. UCMS is broadly taken as the most promising and favorable model to study depression in various animals, imitating many human depressive symptoms. With the class of selective serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is now considered as the most prescribed antidepressant that can reverse petrochemical and behavioral effects of stresses. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether repeated administration of dapoxetine at dose 1.0 mg/kg could reversed the behavioral deficits induced by UCMS in rat model of depression. Rats exposed to UCMS revealed a significant reduction in food intake as well as growth rate. Locomotive activity in home cage and anxiolytic behavior in light/dark activity box were greater in animals of unstressed group as compared to animals of stressed group. The mechanism involved in the inhibition of serotonin reuptake at pre-synaptic receptors by repeated dapoxetine administration is discussed. The knowledge accumulated may facilitate an innovative approach for extending the therapeutic use of dapoxetine and the interaction between stress and behavioral functions. Keywords: Unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Dapoxetine, 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Depression, Locomotive activity. Download Full Article |