Abstract: Increased screen-time has been linked to unhealthy dietary practices but most studies have looked primarily at television viewing or an amalgam. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between specific screen-time (TV, computer, video game) and a selection of healthy dietary intake measures (calories, carbohydrate, fat, sugar, fruit, vegetables, fibre and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) in a group of Canadian children. We used single day sedentary and dietary recalls to assess sedentary behaviour and diet in 1423 children (9.90 (0.58) y; 737 girls, 686 boys) from the Action Schools! BC Dissemination study. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to explore sedentary behaviour-diet relationships. TV and video game use were correlated with higher calories, fat, sugar and SSB consumption (r = 0.07 to 0.09; p <.01) and lower fibre intake (r = -0.05 to -0.06; p <.05). TV use was also correlated with lower fruit and vegetable intake. Regression analyses showed that when controlling for other variables, only TV and video game use predicted sugar and SSB consumption (β =.06 to.08; p <.05). Computer use was correlated with calories but did not significantly predict any of the measures of dietary intake. Although screen time was significantly associated with less healthy eating profiles, it did not account for much variance in dietary behaviour of these children.

Keywords: Healthy diet, sedentary, screen, children, non-screen.

Abstract:  Background: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving therapy given to neonates with intestinal failure. However, infants on long-term TPN may experience Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease (PNALD). New formulations for lipid emulsions are purportedly better than the traditional soy-based lipid emulsions (SLE). Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of PNALD in infants who received non-soybean-based lipid emulsions (NSLE) or SLE.

Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records of all infants admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unitfrom 2004 to 2013 were reviewed. Late preterm (34 -36 weeks of gestation) and term infants who were on TPN for more than two weeks were included. Their demographic data and clinical variables were collected.

Results: 208 infants received SLE for more than two weeks. The prevalence rate of PNALD in those who received SLE was 21% while that of those who received the NSLE was 17%. No significant difference was found between the ‘Soy’ or ‘NonSoy’ subgroups (p = 0.315). Seventy infants received TPN for more than four weeks. The prevalence rate of PNALD in infants who received SLE and NSLE was 35% and 25% respectively. No significant statistical difference was found between the ‘Soy’ or ‘NonSoy’ subgroups (p = 0.132).

Conclusions: The type of lipid emulsion does not significantly influence the rate of PNALD in late preterm and term infants on long-term TPN.

Keywords: Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease, lipid emulsion, fish-oil, soy, soybean, lipid emulsion, cholestasis, neonates, total parenteral nutrition, term infants.

Abstract: This study assessed whether adolescents’ perception of the healthfulness of their diet was related to dietary behaviors over the past week, controlling for demographic characteristics. Participants (n=391) completed an online survey on the frequency of specific dietary behaviors over the past week and the perceived healthfulness of their own diet compared to their peers’ diets. Mean intakes of juice, fruit, vegetables, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages, and diet beverages, were compared by perceived healthfulness of diet categories using analysis of covariance. Participants with higher perceived healthfulness of diet reported significantly higher mean fruit and vegetable intakes and a lower mean intake of sugar sweetened beverages over the past week than participants with the same or lower perceived healthfulness of diet (all p< 0.001). Participants who reported a higher perceived healthfulness of diet reported a significantly higher frequency of milk intake (p< 0.05) than those who reported the same perceived healthfulness of diet. Those with lower perceived healthfulness of diet reported higher mean frequencies of diet beverage intakes than those with higher perceived healthfulness (p<0.05). Further research should include qualitative studies with adolescents to explore how individuals rate their diets and how these perceptions influence dietary choices.

Keywords: Youth, diet, health perceptions, dietary intake, fruit, vegetables, sweetened beverages, socioeconomic status.