Effect of Grit Chamber Configuration on Particle Removal: Using Response Surface Method - Pages 12-16

Nikoo Roghani Esfahani, Mohsen Nourouzi Mobarekeh and Mehran Hoodaji

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2018.07.02

Published: 29 November 2018

Abstract: In recent years ever-increasing industrial growth has resulted in a significant increase in the production of wastewater, this wastewater sometimes contains high levels of suspended solids. Therefore, the need to formulate an appropriate course of action for managing this wastewater has reached a critical level. In this study, the removal of suspended particles in wastewater that were a byproduct of an idustrial cut stone production process were investigated. For these purposes, a laboratory grit chamber was employed, and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to simulate the contributing parameters in the settling process. In order to study the performance of the grit chamber, factors such as flow rate, inlet location and mesh size, parameters of pH, COD, BOD, TSS and turbidity in influent and effluent were monitored. Results indicated that values of pH, COD and BOD in raw wastewater were within the standard range of discharging wastewater. The results indicated that the model with a high correlation of 0.95 was able to simulate the process. In addition, turbidity removal was found to be affected by three parameters among which mesh size and its interaction with the flow rate were the most influential ones.

A Simple Solution of Dissolved Ammonia Recovery Process in a Hollow-Fiber Membrane Contactor: Comparison with Experimental and Numerical Results - Pages 1-11

Eman W. Hassan, O. Chaalal and Md Monwar Hossain

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2019.08.01

Published: 25 February 2019

Abstract: Ammonia in gaseous form is one of the major pollutants in waters and wastewaters. Of all the processes studied so far for the removal of dissolved ammonia from aqueous solution, hollow fiber membrane contactor-based processes have shown great potential. This method has shown to be effective to substantially reducing ammonia concentration to an acceptable value economically and efficiently. Mathematical analysis is presented in this report for the removal of ammonia dissolved in an aqueous phase to a recovery/stripping solution in a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC). The membrane contactor is considered to consist of the lumen side (allowing aqueous flow) and shell side (allowing the flow of the stripping/recovery solution). An approximate analytical solution is derived for the simplified model that does not include radial diffusion of solutes (only axial mass flux is included). The predicted results of this solution are compared with the experimental data and with the numerical results in the literature over a range of operating conditions. The flow rates of the feed solution covered: 2.01 x 10 -9 to 4.7 x 10 -6 m3/s, initial concentration: 50 – 800 ppm and pH values of the solution containing ammonia: 8 - 11. The agreement is very good between the profiles of the simplified analytical solution and the earlier published experimental data. In addition, the results obtained by the analytical solution are close to the numerical solution of the complete model over a good range of operating conditions.

Melamine-Ceramic Membrane for Oily Wastewater Treatment - Pages 12-23

M.E. Ossman, W. Wagdy, K.Y. Nabat, A. Bramoo, Y. Mohamed and M. Gamal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2019.08.02

Published: 26 November 2019

Abstract: Four distinctive Ceramic membranes have been synthesized using bentonite and Egyptian clay with the expansion of melamine. The addition of melamine (~ 1% by wt.) enhanced the porosity, density, the thermal stability and water permeability of the membranes made from bentonite or Egyptian clay while decreasing the chemical stability of either bentonite or Egyptian clay membranes. The most noteworthy level of decrease in COD (94.7%) is acquired for the concentration of 200ppm with saturating flux of 4.63 E-05 (m3/m2.s) utilizing (B+M) membrane. The cost of the four manufactured clay membranes was assessed based on raw materials used in the present investigation.

Evaluating the Performance of Fertilizer Draw Solutions by Using the Modified Cellulosic Composite Forward Osmosis Membranes - Pages 1-14

Doaa F. Ahmed, Heba Isawi, A.A. Elbayaa, Nagwa A. Badway and Hosam Shawky

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2020.09.01

Published: 30 December 2020

Abstract: This paper deals with various fertilizer influences to draw solutions to the neat CTA/CA, MA/CTA/CA, and the Al2O3/MA/CTA/CA nanocomposite (NC) modified membrane. Also, the applicability of the neat CTA/CA, MA/CTA/CA, and The Al2O3/MA/CTA/CA nanocomposite (NC) modified membrane display high water flux when it used to desalinate brine water sample collected from the brine mid-stream from Mersa Matruh area, North-Western Coast of Egypt. The salinity of the collected sample is 12760 mg/L and PH (8.5) and used as FS, and 1M from different fertilizer draw solutes (DFDS) include KCl, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, and K2HPO4 used as DS. The results reveal that the flux was KCl and NH4Cl (17.8 L/m2.h) and followed by (NH4)2SO4 (17.1 L/m2.h) and K2HPO4 (16.6 L/m2.h) using the natural saline water as FS using Al2O3/MA/CTA/CA NC modified membrane. The reusability test of the synthesised Al2O3/MA/CTA/CA NC modified membrane showed good sustainability during the 1260 min continuous test. The FO application displayed a great potential to be interested in brine wastewater desalination and enhanced water source sustainability to use in agriculture fertigation.

A Comparison between Several Commercial Polymer Hollow Fiber Membranes for Gas Separation
Pages 1-15

Xiao Yuan Chen, Serge Kaliaguine and Denis Rodrigue

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2017.06.01.1

Published: 07 April 2017

Abstract: Polyethersulfone (PES), polyetherimide (Ultem^® 1000), and polyimide (Matrimid^® 5218) are common commercial polymers used to produce hollow fiber membranes for different gas separation applications. In this work, asymmetric hollow fiber membranes were prepared using these polymers by a phase inversion technique. The effects of spinning parameters (composition of the dope and bore solution, bore flow rate, air gap distance, temperature of the spinneret and coagulation bath, as well as take-up speed) on the membrane structure and gas permeation properties were investigated. The membrane separation performances were characterized by measuring their gas permeation properties (permeance and selectivity) for different gases (H₂, CO₂, O₂, N₂, and CH₄) and by their cross-sectional morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relationships between the gas separation performance of the hollow fibers and the intrinsic gas properties of the dense flat membranes made of the same materials were also studied. A comparison between the average apparent skin layer thickness calculated from O₂ permeability/permeance, and the results based on SEM images was made and good agreement was obtained between both results.