Hypospadias in Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Mediterranean Breed - Case Report
Pages 85-87
Rodrigo Volpato, Michelle S. Araujo, Stephane C.O.R. Vexenate and Eunice Oba

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520X.2013.02.02.5

Published: 30 June 2013

Abstract: Hypospadias is a rare congenital condition characterized by abnormal development of the penile urethra, penis, scrotum and prepuce. The etiopathogenesis is still not fully elucidated, but it is based on a deficiency of testosterone during the critical stage of morphogenesis. At UNESP’s experimental farm was born a Mediterranean breed buffalo calf with congenital abnormalities in the reproductive system, being diagnosed with hypospadias.

Estimation of Conformation Score in Relation to Body Measurements Using 3D Scanner in Swamp Buffaloes
Pages 88-94
C. Buranakarl, J. Indramangala, K. Koobkaew, N. Sanghuayphrai, J. Sanpote, C. Tanprasert, T. Phatrapornnant, W. Sukhumavasi and P. Nampimoon

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520X.2013.02.02.6

Published: 30 June 2013

Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop the appropriate equations to estimate the conformation score both in male and female swamp buffaloes using body part measurements from 3D scanner. The buffaloes’ conformation was evaluated using 3D scanning technique in 72 males and 78 females at Surin, Uthaithanee, Bangkok, Nakornpanom and Sakaew provinces of Thailand. Height (A), heart girth (B), shoulder width (C), iliac width (D), ischial tuberosity width (E), the length between shoulder and ileal wing (F, G), the length between ileal wing to ischial tuberosity (H, I), the length between shoulder to ischial tuberosity (J1, J2), tail length (K), knee circumference (L), the width measuring between the tip (M), the middle (N) and the base of horns (O), the horn length (P) and the length measured from the base to the tip of the horn on the same site (Q) were measured. The results found that A B, D, E, FG, J1J2, L and P were significantly higher along with age in both males and females. The scores obtained currently between academics and the philosophers were closely correlated in every categories in both male and females buffaloes over four and three years of age, respectively, except for the reproductive organ in females. The coefficient of determination (R²) for score prediction in male buffaloes under 4 years old was highest when body length and knee circumference were included in the equation: Score = [(0.568 J1J2) + (1.584 L) – 77.89] (R² = 0.57, n = 19). The prime factor affecting score in male over 4 years of age was heart girth (R² = 0.70). However, R² was rise up to 0.85 when girdle width was included into the equation: Score = [(0.485 B) + (1.892 D) – 156.54] (n = 53). In females under 3 years old, the R² were low in all type of equation (one traits to four traits equation; 0.25-0.42, n = 21). However, in females over 3 years of age the R² is high (0.66) when girdle width was included in the equation : Score = [2.655 D – 91.52] (n = 57). Therefore, different traits should be used to evaluate the conformation in immature and mature males and females.

Point Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthiaisis in Buffaloes of Jammu, India
Pages 95-97
Muzaffar Rasool Mir, M.Z. Chishti, Majidah Rashid, S.A. Dar, Rajash Katoch, J.A. Kuchay and J.A. Dar

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520X.2013.02.02.7

Published: 30 June 2013

Abstract: The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in buffaloes of Jammu area of Jammu And Kashmir State for the period of one year. For this purpose, 173 faecal samples were collected from different areas (Bisnah, R S Pura, Sidrah, Jammu city and Akhnoor) of subtropical Jammu. Parasitological procedures used for the identification of helminthes were direct and indirect methods. The overall prevalence of helminthiasis was 38.72%. Helminthic infection was recorded throughout the year with seasonal variations.

Effect of Heat Stress on Milk Production and Composition in Murrah Buffaloes
Pages 98-102
Hitesh N. Pawar, G.V.P.P.S. Ravi Kumar and Raman Narang

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520X.2013.02.02.8

Published: 30 June 2013

Abstract: Temperature humidity index (THI) is widely used to assess the effect of temperature and relative humidity on performance in animals. In summer the THI was between 74 – 89 with average value of 81.18. in winter months THI ranged between 49 -70 with the average of 60. The results showed a significant effect of heat stress on daily milk yield and milk composition. In the present study the daily milk yield decreases from 4.46 to 3.65kg, heat stress reduced milk yield by 18.2%. There was a significant effect of heat stress on milk composition. Heat stress significantly reduced milk fat content from 8.3% during the winter to 7.19% during the summer. Milk protein percentage significantly decreased as a result of summer heat stress (3.08 vs.2.9 %, respectively for the winter and summer). In the present study the SNF decreases from 9.08 to 9.05 %, heat stress reduced SNF % as the THI value went from ≤ 74 to ≥ 83 in summer. Results showed that milk production is a function of THI. The negative slope of regression line indicates that milk production fat%, protein% and SNF% decreases as THI increases. This regression indicates that in general for each point increase in THI value. There was decrease in milk yield of 0.028kg per buffalo per day. Heat stress environments have been associated with depression in milk fat%, protein% and SNF%. There was decrease in milk fat of 0.046% per buffalo per day. There was also decrease in milk protein of 0.00014 % per buffalo per day. The decrease in milk SNF of 0.0047 % per buffalo per day.

Fatty Acids in the Meat of Buffaloes Supplemented with Fish Oil
Pages 103-107
J.F. Cedres, E.M. Patiño, M.A. Judis, M. Sanchez Negrette, A.M. Romero, M.M. Doval, G. Rebak and G.A. Crudeli

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520X.2013.02.02.9

Published: 30 June 2013

Abstract: The purpose of this study has been to investigate the influence of both a supplementary fish oil diet on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and n6 and n3 fatty acids on intramuscular fat in Mediterranean buffalo meat. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two groups and fed with Brachiaria brizantha, 3Kg rice bran, 500 g corn and 500 g sunflower pellets for 60 days. Group I received this diet only while in group II each animal received additional 100 ml fish oil daily. Results indicated a significant decrease of palmitic fatty acid in group II (232.67 mg/g fat) in relation to group I (254.73 mg/g fat). Among unsaturated acids (AGI), the 9c 11t CLA value of group II (21.23 mg/g fat) showed an increase in relation to group I (15.80 mg/g fat), while the linoleic acid content of group II (28,85 mg/g fat) decreased significantly in relation to group I (47,00 mg/g fat). However, the alpha linolenic acid showed no significant difference between the supplemented diet group and the control group (10.31 and 10.70 mg/g fat, respectively). Group II n6/n3 ratio was narrower (2.69:1) than that of group I (4.55:1). Summing up, group II diet, which included fish oil, increased the CLA content in intramuscular fat and decreased the n6 fatty acids, improving the n6/n3 ratio.