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Abstract: Balanced crop nutrition is one of the important tools necessary for sustaining crop productivity, maintaining soil fertility and ensuring food security worldwide. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential plant macronutrients, nevertheless, most of the Pakistani soils exhibit moderate to severe deficiency of these nutrients. Furthermore, considerable genetic variations exist among wheat genotypes for nutrient acquisition and utilization which illustrate their differential nutrient requirements to produce higher yields. A field experiment was conducted in order to formulate balanced fertilizer recommendations for newly evolved wheat genotype SD-998 to achieve maximum yield potential. Ten treatments viz., 0-0 (control), 90-23, 90-45, 90-70, 120-30, 120-60, 120-90, 150-40, 150-75 and 150-110 kg N-P2O5 ha-1 were applied according to randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed that growth, yield and yield related attributes as well as nutrient accumulation were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced by varying N and P rates. The maximum plant height (100.8 cm), number of tillers per plant (10), spike length (10.3 cm), number of grains per spike (66), 100-grain weight (4.10 g) and grain yield (4990 kg ha-1) was recorded in treatment having 150-110 kg N-P2O5 ha-1. The highest P recovery efficiency (20.8 %), agronomic N efficiency (19.4 kg kg-1) and agronomic P efficiency (36.8 kg kg-1) were attained at 120-30, 90-70 and 150-40 kg N-P2O5 ha-1, respectively. However, the highest total N accumulation (140.8 kg ha-1), P accumulation (21.0 kg ha-1), N recovery efficiency (71.1 %) and profit (Rs. 73625 ha-1) were noticed at 150 kg N plus 110 kg P2O5 ha-1. Thus, 150-110 kg N-P2O5 ha-1 (N:P2O5 in 4:3 ratio) was suggested as the most balanced and economical dose for the tested wheat genotype. Keywords: Crop nutrition, Fertilizer efficiency, Food security, Value-cost ratio, Yield. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Anthelmentic resistance (AR) is one of the major problems of livestock industry in developing countries. Using indigenous medicinal plants may be an alternate way to overcome this problem. Total 60 sheep nematode positive were selected and divided into 6 groups having 10 sheep each. Group A as un-treated control, group B was given Ivermectin at the dose rate of 0.2mg/kg body weight Group C and Group D was given the Chloroformic extract while Group E and F was given the Methalonic extract of Coriandrum sativum whole plant at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. After treatments, fecal eggs count reduction test (FECRT) (eggs/g) was carried out on day 7, 14 and 28. The EPG in untreated group at day 28 was increased 21.6%. Significant decrease in EPG was only observed at day 28 in Ivermectin treated group (92.6%) and Methanolic extract at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg body weight (60.69%). No significant results were recorded in remaining groups. It was concluded that 100 mg/kg body weight Methalonic extract of Coriandrum sativum would be a best alternative as anti-nematodal drug. Keywords: Anti-nematodal efficacy, Ivermectin, Coriandrumsativum, sheep, Punjab. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Product quality depends on the surface quality of the machined part and machining performance relay on the production rate of the process. Whereas surface quality of a part is based on surface roughness (SR) and production rate depend on the material removal rate (MRR). Minimum surface roughness and maximum MRR are of great value in the field of manufacturing. In powder mix Electrical Discharge Machined (EDM) selection of input parameters and their ranges are of great value because its helps to achieve the optimize values of the SR and MRR. This study contains the effect of four input variables; pulse on time (Pon), discharge current (DC), pulse off time (Poff) and powder concentration of EDM on SR and MRR of Inconel 718. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) center composite design (CCD) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are used with 5% significant coefficient. It was observed that DC significantly affects the SR and MRR followed by the Pon. Keywords: Powder mix EDMs, Response Surface Methodology, Surface Roughness, MRR, Inconel 718. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The power crisis in Pakistan is getting worse day by day. Electricity shortfall has reached upto 5000 MW. Due to power shortage consumers are facing load shedding for more than 6 hrs a day. To get rid of this crisis consumers have opted fossil fueled generators and UPS. Due to excessive availability UPS are more popular than generators. Although, UPS satisfy the need of consumers during power outage hour but due to efficiency constrains these UPS put extra burden on grid. This study estimates the power loss that occurs in consequence of using inefficient UPS. It has been found that about 3.75% of total power provided by the utility is lost during charging and discharging. The research also provides suggestions to eradicate the efficiency losses which occurred as a result of using UPS. Keywords: Efficiency, Pakistan, Power Crisis, UPS. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Purpose: The present prospective cross sectional study was aimed to access the prevalence and trend of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in different age groups and gender, in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty affecting mostly young adults in their most productive years; however, all age groups are at risk. Method: The study population consisted of patients under DOT program with MDR-TB among males and females and in different categories of age groups. The data was collected from 100 MDR-TB patients from 7800 TB patients that were admitted in duration of 6 months and analyzed to evaluate the drug resistance associated with patient’s noncompliance. Moreover, drugs resistance ratio was also calculated from the data. Results: TB is a specific infectious disease, caused by M. tuberculosis strains, which is becoming resistant to anti-tuberculosis agents especially to Isoniazid and Rifampicin that are two key drugs of TB treatment and are termed as MDR-TB. The disease was seen in 66% males and 34% in female. The highest drug resistance ratio was in found in adults (age group). Keywords: Multi Drug Resistance, Tuberculosis, DOT, Lahore, M. tuberculosis. Download Full Article |