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Abstract: Purpose:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and over-growth of the synovium. RA is accompanied with increased levels of free radical and stress oxidative. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in nutritional factors on disease and autoimmune system. More recently literatures have emerged that offers contradictory findings about fish oil on antioxidant levels. So far however, there has been little discussion about fish oil as antioxidant on Rheumatoid arthritis. This paper will focus on effect of fish oil over serum antioxidant levels and activity disease of RA. Methods: A randomized double blinded control trial 90 patients from a population of Rheumatoid Arthritis who were selected. Forty five patients received Fish oil (FO) (1gr /day) in addition of conventional therapy for RA versus 45 patients received placebo. And serum levels of plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxides (GPX) were measured. Results:There was no statistically difference between groups in plasma antioxidant capacity and the activity of superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxides. There weren’t any correlation among DAS and antioxidant serum levels. Conclusion: The findings emerging from the present inquiry suggested that FO with 1 gram daily dose didn’t have effect on serum antioxidant level and activity of disease in RA. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, omega3, Fish oil, antioxidant.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: This research aims at investigating the acidity of candies commonly consumed by children and teenagers. Eight flavors of candy produced by the brand Halls Kraft Foods Brazil Ltda.®: cherry, extra strong, watermelon, strawberry, mint, menthol, wild strawberry and chantilly cream strawberry were analyzed. The candies were crushed. Five grams of crushed candy were added to 10 ml of doubly deionized water and stirred until all candy was dissolved. The pH was measured in triplicate using a potentiometer and combined glass electrode (Tec-2 Tecnal). Fifteen grams of crushed candy were added to 30 ml doubly deionized water. The titratable acidity was measured by adding 100 μl of 0.1 M NaOH to the solution under constant stirring until a pH of 5.5 was reached. This procedure was performed for each of the flavors. Mineral water was used as a negative control and citric acid as positive control. The results were statistically analyzed by the Variance Analysis (ANOVA). Comparisons of means were performed by the Scott Knott Test, at a 5% level of significance (p <0.05). The results showed that all candies had pH values below 5.5, ranging from 3.6 to 5.2. These values were significantly different from the positive and negative controls. The flavors Chantilly Cream Strawberry and Wild Strawberry have shown to be the candies with highest erosive potential due to their lower pH values and higher intrinsic buffer capacity. It is concluded that the candies have erosive potential and their frequent use can contribute to the development of dental erosion. Keywords: Candy, dental erosion, erosion potential, hydrogen-ion concentration, acidity.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The existence of artificial additives in food seems to be unhealthy from the consumers' point of view, and it is why scientists are looking for some solutions to reduce the unhealthy varieties of additives in manufactured products. This article presents a revision of studies published in recent years on this topic and looks at possible future trends in the sector on one of the indigenous plant activities, which is used as a food seasoning in Iran. Echinophora platyloba DC has a high potency to act as an antimicrobial and antioxidant at the same time. In 3 sections this article explains the subject as follows. The first part includes determination of chemical constituents of isolated fresh and dry aerial parts by different extraction methods. They were analyzed by Gas Chromatography. In the second part antibacterial and antifungal activity of both plant extracts and its essential oil were evaluated against gram positives and gram negatives followed by fungus. Finally in the last part, antioxidant properties of the plant are mentioned. The essential oil and the crude extracts from E. platyloba species are of active candidates which can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial agents so they still would be the novel ones for further researches. Keywords: Echinophora platyloba DC, natural preservative, essential oil, plant extract, antibacterial, antifungal.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Background: In previous works we demonstrated that subcutaneous sensitization with Ovalbumin (OVA) induce generation of specific IgE antibodies and modifications of immune cells populations in different mucosal sites in rabbit. The aim of the study was the evaluation of OVA specific lymphoproliferation in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen and Peyer’s patch from OVA orally and subcutaneous sensitized and challenged rabbits.
Methods: New Zealand white rabbits were divided into six groups: G1 (n=8): orally sensitized and challenged with OVA; G2 (n=10): subcutaneous sensitized with OVA and oral challenged (OVA); G3 (n=10): subcutaneous sensitized and oral challenged with PBS (phosphate buffer saline). G4-G5 and G6 (n=9 each) controls. Four hours after challenge animals were sacrificed and obtained samples were processed for lymphoproliferation studies: isolated cells from MLNs, spleen and Peyer’s patch from the different groups were suspended in culture media containing OVA or Concanavaline A and were cultured for 48, 72 and 120 hours. Proliferation was measured as incorporation of radioactive element as counts per minute (CPM).
Results: Spleen derived lymphocytes showed important proliferation at subcutaneous sensitized groups when incubated with OVA. Meanwhile, proliferation was significantly higher in lymphocytes originated in MLNs from subcutaneous OVA sensitized and oral challenged rabbits at 48, 72 and 120 hours of incubation. No significant proliferation was observed in Peyer’s Patch derived lymphocytes. Conclusions: We conclude that proliferation of OVA-specific spleen originated lymphocytes was successful after systemic sensitization but after oral challenge with the antigen, only OVA incubated MLNs-originated lymphocytes showed proliferation as compared with Peyer’s patch. This fact evidence a main participation of MLNs in this model of food allergy. Keywords: Rabbit, Mesenteric Lymph Nodes, Peyer’s Patch, Ovalbumin, Sensitization.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Fresh root of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) (Orchidaceae) has applications in regularizing menstrual cycle and as topical aids in insect bites and wounds. The tuber extracts of some plants belonging to Geodorum have folkloric reputation in the management of transient anxiety. The current study was undertaken to investigate the sedative/ anxiolytic effects of G. densiflorum root extracts using rodent behavioral models, such as open field, hole cross, thiopental sodium-induced hypnosis and elevated plus maze test. Present data shows that the organic extracts of G. densiflorum root increase the thiopental sodium induced sleeping time and reduce the time for the onset of sleep. A statistically significant reduction in motor activity and exploratory behavior were observed in the open field and hole cross tests. The results of the current studies provide scientific evidence for its uses in traditional medicines as sedative and anxiolytic agents. Keywords: Neuropharmacology, locomotor activity, thiopental sodium, transient anxiety.Download Full Article |