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Abstract: Objectives: To study the effect of lifestyle on coronary artery disease and to identify the strength of association between coronary artery disease and lifestyle factors among patients belonging to upper class of Lahore. Method: Seventy-two cases and 72 controls were recruited using convenient purposive sampling technique. Dietary pattern, activity level and socio-demographic profile were assessed with well-designed interview questionnaire. Results: According to statistical analysis of dietary factors, consumption of red meat, bakery products, restaurant food, fast food, soft drinks showed significant association with disease, whereas role of fruits and vegetables was found protective. Use of desi ghee had no significance in causing CAD in current study. Results of BMI and hip-waist ratio showed insignificance. Activity level was also insignificant while smoking and stress were significant. In socio demographic profile, sex of the respondents showed that 68.1% were male and 31.9% were females having CAD, so it was also statistically significant that heart diseases were more in males. Married individuals also showed significant result. Conclusion: According to results, consumption of red meat, bakery products, restaurant food, fast food, soft drinks showed significant association with disease, whereas role of fruits and vegetables was found protective. Whole wheat, desi ghee had no significance in causing CAD in current study. Results of BMI and hip-waist ratio showed insignificance. Activity level was also insignificant while smoking and stress was found to be associated. In socio demographic profile male sex, married individuals showed significant relation with CAD. Education, family type and income had no relation with heart disease in this study. Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Cardiovascular disease (CVD) Life Style, Dietary factors, Food habits, BMI. |
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Abstract: Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) reduces blood pressure and gives an anti-hypertensive effect. Chicken skin is an undesirable by-product of the poultry industry, disliked by consumer because of the high fat content. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of molecular weight reduction on ACE inhibition activity in chicken skin hydrolysate. Chicken skin is prepared by manually defatting, soaked in acetone and in 0.1M phosphate buffer. Sample hydrolysis is carried out using alcalase enzyme for a duration of 4 hours at 60˚C and pH 9.5. The best degree of hydrolysis (DH), at 4th hour, with value of 49.54 ± 0.79 %, is ultrafiltrated and used in ACE inhibition activity detection. The sample weight ≥ 10 kDa , 3 – 10 kDa and ≤ 3 kDa contains 5.63 ± 0.01 g/L, 2.84 ± 0.06 g/L and 1.07 ± 0.18 g/L peptide content respectively whereas soluble protein content is 0.51 mg/mL for sample weight ≥ 10 kDa, 0.27 mg/mL for sample weight 3 – 10 kDa and 0.23 mg/mL for sample weight ≤ 3 kDa. The ACE inhibition activity in sample weight ≤ 3 kDa is highest with value of 80.38 ± 2.69% followed by sample weight 3 – 10 kDa with a value of 49.40 ± 2.63% and sample weight ≥ 10 kDa with value of 42.73 ± 5.08%. Significant differences ( P ≤ 0.05) exist between sample weight ≤3 kDa and > 3 kDa. This research shows that molecular weight reduction increases ACE inhibition activity. Keyword: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), chicken skin, inhibitory, weight. |
Abstract : Effects of Inoculants (Chlorobium limicola and Rhodopseudo-monas palustris) on Nutrient Uptake and Growth in Cucumber
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Abstract: Rhizobacteria is a prosperous for promoting plant growth for the superiority of reducing environmental damages. Two Strains of Chlorobium limicola and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were supplied in the experiment as potential inoculants for cucumber. Significant enhancement of the availability of macronutrient elements N, P and K were observed in soil, and further improvement on the uptake of them was also obtained in cucumberplants. Accumulation of essential micronutrients of Fe and Zn were detected both in roots and in shoots. The two stains increased chlorophylland carotinoid synthesis, plant height, stem diameter, wet weight and dry weight. Various dose has significantly effect on plant growth stimulation, C. Limicola with 107 cells mL-1 and R. Palustris with 108 cells mL-1 seem to be better on the whole. Keywords: Biofertilizer, cucumber, growth, nutrien.Download Full Article |
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Abstract:Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) deficits and cortical network pathology. This neuroimaging study investigated the effects of DHA supplementation on cortical attention network integrity in medication-free children with ADHD. Children (mean age 9.6 years, n=30) with ADHD were randomized to DHA (1,200 mg/d) or placebo for 10 weeks. Blood DHA levels and ADHD symptom severity ratings were obtained from all participants (n=30). Cortical network integrity was evaluated in a subset of patients (n=20) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Erythrocyte DHA levels increased significantly in patients receiving DHA (+60%, p≤0.0001) but not placebo (-4%, p=0.77). There were no group differences in baseline-endpoint change in ADHD symptom severity scores, sustained attention performance, or voxelwise cortical activation patterns during performance of a sustained attention task. In the region-of-interest (ROI) analysis, patients treated with DHA but not placebo exhibited significant endpoint reductions in left amygdala activation. At study endpoint, but not at baseline, DHA-treated patients exhibited significantly greater event-related functional connectivity between the pregenual and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and regions within the cortical attention network including the inferior parietal lobe and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with placebo. Trends with large effect sizes for reductions in medial and radial diffusivity in the left corpus callosum were observed in DHA-treated patients. These preliminary findings suggest that DHA supplementation may be associated with subtle changes in cortical attention networks of medication-free children with ADHD which warrant additional investigation in a larger patient sample. Keywords:Omega-3 fatty acids, Attention, Anterior cingulate cortex, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Diffusion tensor imaging, Children. |
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Abstract: Rhizobacteria-containing biofertilizers are perfect tools to promote plant growth for the superiority of reducing environmental damages. Two strains of Chlorobium limicola and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were applied in the experiment as potential inoculants for cucumber seedlings. Significant enhancement in the availability of macronutrient elements N, P and K were observed in soils, and further improvement in theiruptake was also obtained in cucumberplants. Accumulation of essential micronutrients Fe and Zn were detected both in the roots and shoots. The two strains increased chlorophylland carotinoid synthesis, plant height, stem diameter, wet weight and dry weight. Various doses had significant effects on plant growth stimulation, C. Limicola with 107 cells mL-1 and R. Palustris with 108 cells mL-1 seem to be better on the whole. Keywords: Heritability, Growth traits, Correlation, Dhatti camel. |