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Abstract: The human gut microbiota presents a strong influence on health and disease development. Metagenomic analysis has revealed the importance of the interaction between the genomes of food, gut microbiota and the host. Also, the establishment of humanized mouse gut microbiota in appropriate animal models has further contributed to the understanding of its function. The composition of the gut microbiota presents a significant impact on the risk of disease development supported by findings of substantial individual variations. Many low molecular weight bacterial substances have been indicated to affect chromatin remodeling, regulation of apoptosis, cellular differentiation and inflammation. The gut microbiota has also been linked to the etiology of cancer because of how it can alter dietary exposures. Furthermore, microbial metabolites have been associated with epigenetic modifications, reversible heritable changes in gene expression without alterations in the primary DNA sequence, which may influence the risk of various cancers and other diseases. As many microbial metabolites are absorbed into systemic circulation, gene expression might also be affected in distal regions of the gut. Therefore, the interaction of dietary intake, gut microbiota and epigenetic modifications plays an important role in disease risk, development and prevention. Keywords: Gut microbiota, nutrition, disease, epigenetics.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The role of nutrition in the treatment of common dermatoses is often overlooked. Nevertheless, there is a large amount of evidence suggesting that diet may have an important role in the pathogenesis, as well as in determining the clinical course of common skin disorders; including acne, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Consequently, diet could have significant preventive or therapeutic impact in these skin conditions.Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis are chronic relapsing skin disorders characterised by remissions and flare-ups, requiring long-term maintenance therapy. Although acne occurs most commonly during adolescence, and rarely continues into adulthood, it has a large impact on patients' self-confidence and self-image. For each of these skin conditions, a variety of foods may lead to exacerbation of the disease and may have a significant role in increasing the risk of other comorbidities. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge on the relationship between high-fat and high glycemic index diet and acne and psoriasis. Additionally, possible role of nutritional supplementation in such will also be reviewed. And finally, the role of dietary restriction in patients with atopic dermatitis andlow nickel diet, in those who are sensitive to nickel, will be discussed. Although future studies are necessary in order to evaluate the effect of diet in these skin disorders, identifying certain foods as a potential factor that could contribute to exacerbation of the disease or to development of further complications can provide important preventive measure. Keywords: Psoriasis, acne, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, dietary products, glycemic index, fatty acids, low nickel diet.Download Full Article |
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Abstract:Background: Primary school age is a dynamic period of physical growth and mental development of the child. Research indicates that nutritional deficiencies and poor health in primary school age children are among the causes of low school enrolment, high absenteeism, early dropout and poor classroom performance. Chronic undernutrition is linked to slower cognitive development and serious health impairments later in life that reduce the quality of life. The thinness (low BMI for age) may be one of the tool to measure the level of undernutrition. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the different grades of thinness by using age and sex specific cut off values based on body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Bali-Gram Panchayat, Arambagh, West Bengal, India. The data were collected from 618 rural Bengalee primary school children comprising of both boys (304) and girls (314) within the age group 5-11 years. The measurements (height in cm. and weight in kg) were taken following standard methods Thinness was evaluated using the age and sex specific cut-off points of BMI. Results: The overall (age combined) prevalence of thinness among the boys was slightly higher (83.2%) in comparison to the prevalence of thinness among the girls (81.5%). The prevalence of thinness was higher in case of lower age group children among both boys and girls and it gradually decreases with the increase of age. The rate of grade III thinness (30.5%) was greater among the girls than others while among the boys it was higher in grade I (32.9%) category. It indicates the severity of thinness was much more among the girls than the boys. Although there was no significant sex difference between the two sexes. Conclusion: The prevalence of undernutrition as measured by thinness was significantly higher than the national level scenario. In spite of the Mid Day Meal scheme which is running for more than 20 years, the result is dissatisfactory. The competent authority should look into the matter seriously for better nutritional and health condition of the children. Keywords:Rural, Primary school children, BMI, thinness, undernutrition, India. |
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Abstract: Background:Low-molecular components of colostrum (LMWCC) have a pronounced biological activity. We investigated the effect of different doses of LMWCC (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 5 g/100 g of body weight) on the behavior, dynamics of growth, acute and chronic toxicity, as well as the relative weight of the liver, spleen and kidneys of the experimental animals. Methods:We used 100 3-month male rats in the experiment. All animals were divided into 5 groups of 20 animals in each group, LMWCC was administered per os, and the control group received sterile water. Results: LMWCC revealed no pirogenic effect in a wide diapason of doses (0,01-5 g/100 g of animal mass). Immediately after the LMWCC administration the short-time decrease in the motion activity was observed. The low doses of LMWCC induced diarrhea in 10-20 % of of animals, the super-large dose – in 75% of animals. The acute toxicity of LMWCC (death of 15 % of animals) was detected only in super-large dose of LMWCC and it was accompanied by pronounced diarrhea. LMWCC influenced the mass of liver, spleen and kidney. 60 days after LMWCC administration the mass of liver was restored to control weight, but the mass of spleen and kidney was not restored. Conclusion: LMWCCdo not have chronic toxicity and can be attributed to non-toxic compounds with a possible side effect - a violation of the digestive system. Keywords: Toxicity, Colostrum, Diarrhea. |
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Abstract: Coleus also known asTorbangun or Ati Ati plants leaves i.e. Coleusamboinicus Lourfrom Indonesia (CAL-I) and Coleus aromaticus (CAT-M), Pogostemon cablin (PC-M), Coleus blumei–red leaves (CBR-M), Coleus amboinicus– (CAL-M) Coleus blumei –purple leaves (CBP-M) from Malaysia were collected, freeze dried and extracted with aqueous methanol. The effect of the extract was assessed on microbial and fungal activities in relation to their phytochemicals and antioxidants concentrations. The total phenolic content was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method whilst antioxidant activity was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities were assessed by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and disc diffusion methods. The result indicates that the extracts are rich sources of phytochemicals and antioxidants from the listed plants. When the effect of the extracts was assessed on microbial and fungal activities it was observed that the effect was more pronounced on the gram-positive bacteria compared to gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, there was strong association between phytochemicalsand antioxidants concentration and with the microbial and fungal activities. However, it was not consistent for all types of strains. This studyshows thatTorbangun plants extracts are rich in phenolic contents therefore; it can be used as free radical scavengers and antimicrobial agent apart from other traditional uses. Keywords: Torbangun, coleus, phytochemical, antimicrobial, antifungal.Download Full Article |