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Abstract: Malnutrition is a serious medical condition marked by a deficiency of energy, essential proteins, vitamins, and minerals in a diet. In Refugee situations where the population is often extremely dependent on the humanitarian assistance and food aid; the value of the food is greatly determine their nutritional status. That is why under nutrition is a critical public health problem among refugee children aged 6-59 months. Institutional based cross- sectional study was conducted from March to June, 2015 in Addi Harush Refugee camp, Northern Ethiopia. The data was collected using interview administered questioners, observational and Anthropometric measurement. Among the total of 372 planed participants 367 of them were enrolled in the study with a response rate of 98.7%. This had identified 69 (18.80%) of stunting and 36 (9.81%) of wasting. Children who fed exclusive breast feeding for the duration of six months were 0.04 times less likely to be wasted. Children, those who used bottle feeding were 6.067 times more likely to be affected with acute malnutrition (wasting). Children who had been vaccinated with BCG were 0.037 times less likely to be wasted. While generally immunized children were 0.013 times less likely to be wasted and 0.054 times less likely to be stunted. Both stunting and wasting are remaining public health nutrition problem in the refugee. Wasting is observed to be affected by immunization practice behavior, duration of exclusive breast feeding, BCG vaccination and bottle feeding. Stunting is observed to be affected by hand washing practice before serving food and immunization practice behaving. Bottle feeding should be avoided, Exclusive breast feeding till six months should be strengthen, Child immunization should be encouraged more than the current and Awareness towards cause and prevention of stunting and wasting should be increased at a refugee communities level. Keywords: Child aged 6-59 months, Wasting, Stunting, Haddi Harush. |
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Abstract: The prevalence of obesity is substantially increased in developing countries and it is considerably associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These symptoms are clustered to form metabolic syndrome. In accordance with the Researchers opinion, obese people are more likely to suffer from depression, a mental affliction that appears due to chronic stress, disturbs thoughts, behavior, and feelings. It has been addressed that the physiological impairments which are undergoing due to obesity can affect the metabolic activities which in turn give impact on brain and affect it’s functioning, because obesity itself seems to constitute a chronic stressful state thus, exacerbates the risk of depression. Present study intended to illuminate the anticipated links between obesity and stress. To make possible the study, animal model of obesity was accomplished by subjecting the Albino wistar rats with energy-dense diet (high fat diet) for 5 weeks; later on, chronic mild stress paradigm was implemented along with high fat feeding for 2 weeks. As expected, high fat feeding increased the adiposity in rodents. Obese animals presented the depressive symptoms more prominent than normal fat feeding rats. Present findings suggest that obesity could increase the depressive symptoms potentially involve in the recruitment of depression. Keywords: High fat diet, Obesity, CMS, Depression. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1) is the primary transporter of metformin mainly located in hepatocytes, which plays an important role in metformin action to inhibit gluconeogenesis so as to reduce blood glucose. Genetic polymorphism of SLC22A1 that encodes OCT1, one of which is rs622342, has been widely reported and proven to decrease the antidiabetic effect of metformin. This study aimed to design primers and to obtain an optimum condition for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process that can detect the genetic polymorphism of SLC22A1 rs622342. Primers were computationally designed in primer 3 webpage and analyzed with Primer BLAST and Oligo Analyzer. Optimization of PCR condition was conducted for temperatures of denaturation, annealing, and elongation as well as for the number of cycles in PCR process. Sensitivity test was performed on PCR condition using a variety of volumes and DNA template qualities undergoing multiple freeze-thaw cycles. The obtained pair, forward primer (5’- CAG AGA GAA TCA GTG AGC TGT G-3’) and reverse primer (5’- CCC AGG CTG GTC TTT TTA AG-3’), was proven to be capable of amplifying DNA sequence containing SNPs in rs622342 at 96°C denaturation, 60°C annealing, and 72°C elongation temperatures with a 30-cycle iteration. Such PCR condition could amplify DNA with 0.2 µL of template volume and 7 freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, in addition to the selected primer pairs and PCR condition to analyze SNPs in rs622342, this study also recommends that the volume of DNA template having undergone multiple freeze-thawing be increased if the amplicon PCR products are unqualified. Keywords: Metformin, PCR, Primer design, OCT1, rs622342. |
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Abstract: There is studies limitation regarding the effect of khat chewing on nutritional status. Community based comparative cross-sectional study had been conducted from March to June, 2015; with cluster sampling and systematic random sampling techniques for khat chewers and non-khat chewers respectively. The data was collected by using interview administered questionnaire, observation and weight scale measurement among 504 study participants.The study revealed that from entire khat chewers 52(20.5%) of them and of non-khat chewers 34(13.5%) of them were underweight. Khat chewers were 2.102 times more likely underweight compared to those non-khat chewers. khat chewers who had meal twice per day were 2.856 time more likely underweight. Khat chewers who used animal and animal products as their main meal component daily were 0.413 times less likely to be underweight; Whereas the odds of underweight was 26% times less likely among khat users who intake two liters of fluid per chewing session. In other case, those who chewed khat for 2-3 hours per session were 0.231 times less likely to be underweight.Under nutrition is a public nutritional status problem in which khat chewers are more affected. Khat chewing conditions and meal conditions including amount of fluid consumed per chewing session are factors that affect the nutritional status of the khat chewers. Minimizing amount of khat consumed per session, shortening of khat chewing session length and increasing amount of fluid intake more than two liters per chewing session and nutritional management with nutritionist advices are important points. Keywords: Khat, under nutrition, khat chewers, non-khat chewers, Gulelle sub-city. |
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Abstract: Hydrolysable tannin polyphenols from pomegranate (punicalagin) have been reported to show a wide range of health properties correlated to their high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The objective of the current study was to investigate the protective effect of punicalagin on cell viability and redox status of cultured Caco-2 cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The production of malondialdehyde, and total glutathione levels, as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species were used as markers of cellular oxidative status. Pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with 5 and 10 µM punicalagin for 24 hours significantly protected cell viability after exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide IC50 = 3 mM for 2 hours. The examined doses prevented the decrease of total glutathione and the increase of malondialdehyde induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in Caco-2 cells. Reactive oxygen species generation provoked by tert-butyl hydroperoxide was significantly reduced at the same concnetrations. Finally, cell morphology with treatments before and after induction by tert-butyl hydroperoxide showed irreversible effect of the oxidizing agent. The results of the biomarkers analyzed showed that treatment of Caco-2 cells with the natural dietary antioxidant punicalagin protected the cells against oxidative stress. Keywords: Polyphenols, Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Reactive oxygen species, morphology. |