Suicide as a Social Problem among Young People and Adolescents in Aktobe City - Pages 231-236

Lyudmila Sergeevna Yermukhanova, Bekhzan Izbergenovich Kushimov, Azhar Nikolaevna Zhexenova, Mukhit Nauryzgaliyevych Turebaev, Nadira Kairatovna Salakhova and Ardak Zhenisbaikyzy Mukhanbediyarova
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2019.07.04.5

Published: 18 November 2019

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to study the cause-effect relationship leading to suicide based on the results of two questionnaires conducted in Marat Ospanov State Medical University (Aktobe city).

Method: The study involves two questionnaire surveys (2016 and 2017 years) of 1,000 1st-4th year students of the West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University based on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (aimed at determination of the level of depressive state, the portrait of a suicide) and the second similar questionnaire involved 500 respondents of the same University using the Dembo-Rubinstein method in Prikhozhan’s modification, that is aimed at determining the level of self-esteem and aspiration.

Results: The questionnaires conducted in Marat Ospanov State Medical University allowed to determine the levels of suicidal behaviour among young people and adolescents of Aktobe city as well as determine the criteria, levels and reasons of suicidal intentions in percentage and by gender criterion. The results are partially presented in the form of diagrams.

Conclusions: The study may be used for developing the complex methodologies of suicide prevention among young people and adolescents in Aktobe city and everywhere in the world where such a problem arises sharply. Such a kind of study was firstly conducted with usage of declared methods in Aktobe city.

Keywords: Suicide, young people, adolescents, suicide, depression, self-esteem.

Download

Investigating the Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis among Healthcare Workers of Major Hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran - Pages 237-242

Amir Hooshang Bavarsad, Esmaiel Idani and Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2019.07.04.6

Published: 18 November 2019

Abstract: Background and Objective: Healthcare and laboratory workers in hospitals have a higher exposure to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) than the general populations. Tuberculosis (TB) infection is a common HAI that is communicated from the patients with TB admitted or hospitalized in the healthcare centres. This study aims to determinate the incidence and prevalence of latent TB infection among healthcare workers in the major Hospitals in Ahvaz, Khuzestan province, Iran.

Methods: This is a case-control study conducted on healthcare workers diagnosed with TB between January 2010 to December 2017. The study population consisted of healthcare workers of the three major hospitals of Ahvaz, Khuzestan including Imam Khomeini Hospital, Golestan Hospital and Shafa Hospital. All subjects underwent Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) and after 48 to 72 hours the reaction was measured as the length of induration. The induration equal to or greater than 10 mm was considered as positive TB. Moreover, the subjects and controls were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire on potential risk factors for TB.

Results: Among 513 subjects, male and female subjects were respectively 186 and 327. Of all subjects, 67 subjects (male: 42; female: 25) showed positive TST (10 mm ≤ induration) and 275 subjects showed 5 mm >induration. There was a significant relationship between TST result and the workplace of the subjects. Gender showed no significant relationship with the TST result.

Conclusion: All healthcare workers who are in direct contact with TB patients must undergo regular TB screening test and the workers should be trained for self-conducting TST.

Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), healthcare workers, laboratory workers, prevalence, Ahvaz.

Download

Does Late-Onset Huntington Disease Represent a Distinct Symptomatic Picture? Evidence for a Selective Deficit in Executive Function and Emotion Recognition, in the Absence of Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders - Pages 243-250

Maria Cristina Cossu, Matilde Conti, Veronica Di Palma, Maddalena Boccia, Umberto Sabatini and Cecilia Guariglia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2019.07.04.7
Published: 18 November 2019

Abstract: Huntington Disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant, neurodegenerative disorder, including motor, cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms. Motor symptoms used to set the clinical onset, typically emerge in the middle age. Here, we describe the case of a patient, who received a genetic diagnosis at 75 years and developed motor symptoms at 80. The Patient shows severe motor symptoms in the absence of personality changes or psychiatric disorders typically observed in HD. For what attain neuropsychological profile, it results unaltered apart from a specific deficit in emotion recognition and general slowness on executive functioning tasks, reflecting a specific trade-off between accuracy and rate of performances, that is a selective impairment in fine-tuning of resources. Both of these deficits in the Patient could be ascribable to the frontostriatal atrophy, evidenced by Computed Tomography. While deficit in emotion recognition is a well-known symptom in HD, a deficit in fine-tuning of resources regards a specific aspect of executive function. The ability of fine-tuning resources is the latest step in the development of executive functions, and it could be also the first level to be impaired in HD. We proposed that deficit in fine-tuning of resources could be the core of the neuropsychological deficit in late-onset HD.

Keywords: Huntington's chorea, Affective Processing, Cognition, Late-onset Huntington’s disease.

Download

Modern Views on Various Aspects of the Psychological Health of Adolescents - Pages 251-259

Lyudmila Sergeevna Yermukhanova, Rysty Kaztyganovna Nazarbayeva, Gulnar Dostanovna Sultanova, Gulmira Namazovna Izimbergenova, Saule Tazhedinovna Tazhbenova, Malika Maksatovna Knissarina and Perizat Zhaksibayevna Aitmaganbet
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2019.07.04.8
Published: 27 November 2019

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this article is to study and generalize, detect main tendencies in modern views on various aspects of the psychological health of adolescents in recent publications (taken into account the publication on multiple problems of adolescents’ health over the past decade: 2009-2019).

Method: The literature search was conducted using Medline, TRIP Database and Cochrane Library to identify relevant medical studies over the past 10 years (2009-2019). The keywords search and title search and advanced search were applied in order to determine the articles and other forms of surveys on the general topic of adolescents’ psychological health. The articles were filtered for the TOP-30 concerning chronological principle and their actuality, novelty, citation level and deepness of the researchable aspect.

Results: Multiple publications that focus on the psychological health of adolescents were detected. They concentrate on the principal factors that force pathological psychical behaviour among adolescents. E.g., the impact of family members' health and life-limiting conditions, unemployment and precarious employment, the negative impact of alcohol and the Internet, cognitive-behavioral therapy programs, the internalization of symptoms in depressive or anxious states, Internet-based therapy, responses to antidepressants, the Youth Version Short (EQ-i: YV-S) have been described. The chosen medical studies have been systemized in the form of a table and some of them were discussed more closely due to their importance and novelty.

Conclusions: The study generalizes the most modern and innovatory views on aspects of the psychological health of adolescents in international publications taking into account synchronic and diachronic notions. The study may be used for close browsing of the current state of investigations in this scientific area as well as for further investigations in the forms of surveys and clinical experiments take notice of already detected and undetected yet problems.

Keywords: Adolescents, psychological health, depression, suicide, quality of life, mental health.

Download

Enhancement of Creativity in Math Skills of People with ID in Education Process - Pages 260-264

Ibragimova Tursunai, Kokazhaeva Amangul, Kuanbaeva Bayan, Batyrbayeva Gulniet, Zhanat Bissenbayeva and Kydyrova Saltanat

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2019.07.04.9
Published: 09 December 2019

Abstract: This paper describes the enhancement of the math skills of people with ID in the education process and development of the mathematics methodology. As well this research gives details of its piloting and evaluation with a cohort of learners with ID who were enrolled in an education course.

The objective of the correctional school is to provide learners with the necessary math training, to introduce them into the big world of math, to make it an effective means of learning about the surrounding reality, development of thinking and moral perfection.

All of the above determines the relevance of the problem of math education of children with mental retardation in the circle of calculations.

The aim of the study is theoretically substantiated and experimentally test the system of correctional and pedagogical work on the math education of younger school children with intellectual disabilities in circle math classes.

Learners with intellectual disability (ID) have to overcome many barriers and difficulties in order to access all levels of education and partake in college life. Thankfully, educational institutes around the globe are slowly beginning to examine how they can support the equal rights of individuals with ID. In Kazakhstan, one university has recently accredited an innovative education program for college learners with intellectual disabilities.

The results of the study are presented by the emergent methodology’s which focuses on mathematics and realizes the important role that numeracy, which plays a great role in today’s society. Despite the increased emphasis on general mathematics education, the authors found there to be a dearth of research regarding the development of such a methodology for learners with ID.

Keywords: Learners with intellectual disability, Mathematics education, education, Course development, methodology.

Download