Preliminary Studies on the Occurrence and Abundance of Zooplankton Major Taxa in Keamari, Karachi- Backwaters - Pages 647-655

Qadeer Mohammad Ali

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2017.13.104

Abstract: A preliminary study was conducted on the occurrence and abundance of zooplankton in the Karachi backwaters. Zooplankton sampling was conducted on monthly basis and the study was carried out on the basis of three seasons including pre-monsoon (January to May), monsoon (June to September) and post-monsoon (October to December) from a permanent station Napier Mole bridge (24^o50’34’’.90 N, 66^o59’17’’.55 E) during June 1996 to May 1998. The hydrographic parameters including air temperature (^oC), water temperature (^oC), salinity (ppt), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), pH, and transparency (cm) were recorded. Total 14 groups of zooplankton were recorded; hydromedusae, copepoda, mysids, amphipoda, acetes, lucifer, chaetognath, penaeid pl, caridean pl, zoea, megalopa, squilla larvae, fish larvae, fish eggs and others. Pre-monsoon season shows highest number of individuals and copepods were found to be the dominant group in all seasons. Zooplankton diversity, equitability and margalef index were measured seasonally. Highest shannon – wiener diversity index H' = (1.83), equitability E= (0.69) and margalef species richness Index d= (1.37) were measured in post-monsoon season. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was performed in between seasons and zooplanktonic groups. No significant difference (at P>0.05, 0.148) was observed between zooplankton and seasons.

Keywords: Zooplankton, abundance, major taxa, Keamari Karachi-Backwaters.

Analysis of Socio-Economic Well-Being of Population in Khirthar National Park, Sindh: A Geographical Study - Pages 656-663

Naila Arshad, Khalida Mahmood and Razzaq Ahmed

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2017.13.105

Abstract: Pakistan’s two-third population lives in rural areas where the dependence on natural resources is foremost. National parks are protected areas where the natural environment is preserved for the future generations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the socio-economic aspects of the people living in such areas. For this a comparative study has been designed by selecting two areas of Kirthar National Park (KNP), Sindh, one within the boundary of park; Core and the other at the transition zone of the park. The data have been collected through extensive field survey and analyzed using correlation technique. The study can be helpful in assessing the interaction that exists between humans and dry natural environment. The results indicate a clear difference in the standard of living of the people living in these two selected areas. Such studies are very important from the point of view of rural development of local communities.

Keywords: Kirthar National Park, natural environment, socio-economic conditions.

Wavelet Characterization of Seismicity and Geomagnetic Coupling at Coastal Regions of Pakistan
- Pages 664-673

Syed M. Haroon Rashid, M. Ayub Khan Yousufzai and Faisal Ahmed Khan Afridi

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2017.13.106

Abstract: Earthquake recurrence is depicted on the basis of the time following subsequent seasons at the coastal regions of Pakistan. Recurrence time for intricate shock waves is simulated by using earth positions at equinoxes and perihelion-aphelion positions of the earth from the Sun. In connection to the spatial and temporal behavior of earth, the external geomagnetic variation is significant not only influenced by the distances between the Sun and earth and annual revolving period of earth around the Sun at heliocentric path but also affected by a lunar revolving period on an elliptical path around the earth. The Apparent path of the Sun during the year where earth is the center of the celestial sphere and relative to earth, the Sun appears on ecliptic sphere which intersects the celestial equator in two points known as the vernal equinox of 21^st march and autumn equinox of 21^st September. The perihelion position on earth is nearest to the Sun and aphelion is the furthest position of the earth from the Sun, these are empirically distributed on the basis of mutual interaction. The seasonal effects are recognized by the wavelet characterization on maximum amplitudes of shock waves with reference to vernal – autumn equinoxes of distributed perihelion-aphelion periods. The seasonal period of geomagnetic seismicity is a manifestation of the mean time between earthquakes within a specified region where many faults are activated. The cyclic nature of earthquakes and geomagnetic influences on seismic waves by stress-strain tectonic process and releasing energy for the relaxation mechanism are experienced in nature, therefore the issues relevant to their aphelion – perihelion periodicities, influential conditions of geomagnetic instability and their coupling for shock waves propagation are tackled by the wavelet applications.

Keywords: Seismicity, Geomagnetism, Equinoxes, Perihelion-aphelion, Liquefaction.

Exploratory Assessment of the Factors of Personality Trait of Mathematics Teacher’s that Effects on the Academic Achievements: A Statistical Surveyed Approach - Pages 674-680

Shila Devi, Zaira Wahab and Afaq Ahmed Siddiqui

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2017.13.107

 Published: 31 December 2017

Abstract: The interaction between teachers and students is one of the aspect that helps the students in their career grooming because teacher's personality and their behavior is responsible for his/her effectiveness in the teaching and plays an important role in learning process in terms of achievement and success in the classroom as well as in their entire life. It has been proved that the personality factors such as extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, neuroticism and agreeableness are the key characteristics of teachers’ personality and behavior. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of teachers’ personality on students’ academic achievement particularly in mathematics subject. In order to pursue the objectives of the study, researcher used quantitative paradigm. Researcher adopted the survey research design for collection of quantitative data. In this way, Big Five Inventory (BFI) is used to identify the teacher’s personality type. This inventory comprised of forty statements about big five personality traits (eight statements about each personality trait). Moreover, the quantitative data is also collected from students’ midterm examination results from the chosen schools. A total of fifty seven public schools and forty five private schools were selected through stratified random sampling technique. The participants of the study comprised of public and private sector elementary 6^th -8^thgrade school teachers of Karachi, Pakistan. The reliability of the data is found to be around 0.7 of each construct in both sets of data. An independent t test was used to analyze the difference in responses of public and private school teachers. The significance value (P-value) of this indicates that there is statistically significant difference among responses of public and private school teacher’s responses regarding their personality styles that affect the academic achievement of the students. Furthermore, for an inside study a multivariate statistical tool “Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)” was used to explore and identify the most important factor in the data. Finally, four factors emerged in the data. The factors emerged in both of sets of data indicates that combination of Agreeable and Conscientious are the most important personality style of teachers that may affect the academic achievement of students.

Keywords: Extraversion, Agreeable Conscientious, Factor analysis, Independent t-test.

Relation between Luminosity and Surface Rotation of Spotted Stars- Pages 1-8

^{Ingila Rahim1 and Muhammad Rashid Kamal Ansari}

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2018.14.01

Published: 2 February 2018

Abstract: This communications explores the existence of a possible relationship between Luminosity and surface rotation for the study of the evolution of spotted stars using the data of Kepler’s and DI spotted stars. For the determination of such a relationship between luminosity and rotation the dependency of rotational shear on effective temperature is to be reviewed first. The strong dependence of rotational shear on the effective temperature in the range of 3000K and 6000K is confirmed by a power law. This dependence in turn introduces rotation as an evolutionary parameter for the study of the evolution of spotted stars. Multivariate Linear regression, Log-Log multivariate and Nonlinear Multivariate (2, 2) Degree models are constructed to determine the Luminosity of Kepler’s and Doppler imaging spotted stars with rotational shear, relative differential rotation and radius as independent variables. In this regard Log-Log model and Nonlinear Multivariate (2, 2) Degree model is best suited as compared to the linear model. In the next stage Log-Log model is applied to the main sequence Kepler’s stars (excluding giants) and also to the stars in the individual spectral classes A, F, G, K, and M. The model appears best for main sequence stars and also for the stars in the individual classes F-M. Applying the model on DI spotted stars the standard errors indicate that the adequacy of the model for DI spotted stars data is weak. A description of stellar motions and description of data and model used is given in the introduction.

Keywords: Stellar spots, Stellar Evolution, Sunspots, Differential Rotation, Kepler’s Stars, Doppler Imaging stars