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Abstract : Preventing Melanoma with the Help of Occupational Physicians
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Abstract: Melanoma incidence is increasing constantly worldwide in recent years: 132,000 melanoma skin cancers occur globally each year (WHO-INTERSUN). Despite this, no adequate evidence regarding the role of cumulative solar UV exposure in inducing the skin cancer has been provided. Recently, some studies appear to indicate that, also in patients with melanoma history, the habit of completely avoiding sun exposure is not a positive prognostic factor. According to IARC monograph published in 2012, evidences regarding UV risk factors for melanoma are the intermittent UV exposure with recurrent sunburns, especially in childhood and adolescence. According to these findings, various studies on occupational exposure to solar radiation (SR) failed to find an association between the performance of an outdoor job and the risk of melanoma. Recently, in Italy melanoma due to SR exposure has been erased from the national list of occupational diseases (D.P.R. 1124/65, last modification in 2014). But, in Europe an occupational health surveillance is needed for workers exposed to Artificial UV radiation according to EU Directive 2006/25/CE, and a skin examination for these workers is suggested, but quite paradoxically there are not similar indications for workers exposed to natural UV radiation. Considering the great number of outdoor workers employed in Europe, at least 14 million according to OSHA, and worldwide, the consideration of occupational solar radiation exposure as a specific professional risk requiring the health surveillance of exposed workers will be very helpful in order to prevent melanoma and other UV related diseases. Keywords: Malignant melanoma, occupational cancer, solar radiation, outdoor work, UV exposure prevention. Download Full Article |
Abstract : The Relation of Serum Adipocytokines Levels and Haematological Malignancy
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Abstract: Obesity is a global health problem. Adipocytes produce adipocytokines, which participate in carcinogenesis of many solid tumours. However, reports on the effects in haematological malignancies are limited. We studied this feature in haematological malignancies. The body mass index (BMI), waist:hip ratio and serum adipocytokines levels (leptin and adiponectin) were measured in subjects (n=29) and healthy control (n=18). There was no significant difference in the mean BMI of control and subjects. However, the mean waist:hip ratio in subjects were significantly higher (0.91) compared to control (0.82); p=0.04. The mean level of leptin was raised in subjects compared to control (1.80 vs 17.41); p=0.00. The mean adiponectin level was suppressed in subjects (6.54 vs 0.15); p=0.00. The leptin:adiponectin ratio was also suppressed (0.01 vs 3.93); p=0.000. Subjects with good and poor initial clinical outcome did not show any significant difference in the adiposity index and the serum adipocytokines levels. This study supports the evidence that adiposity and adipocytokines are related to haematological malignancy similar to that reported in solid tumours. Leptin:adiponectin ratio may have the potential as a biomarker of obesity related malignancy. We also concluded that waist:hip ratio is a better index of adiposity compared to BMI. However, there is no significant relation of these parameters with the prognosis. Keywords: Adiponectin, adiposity, biomarker, leptin, obesity. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Infectious Complications Following Prostate Biopsy: A Single Institution Review
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Abstract: Purpose: Determine incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria complications among patients following prostate biopsy at New York Medical College, NY. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review of 229 consecutive patients receiving prostate biopsy between 2009 and 2013 at New York Medical College, NY. Each was administered a Fleet enema the morning of and a three-day course of ciprofloxacin starting the day before biopsy. Results: The 1.3% (3/229) of patients developed infectious complications following biopsy. Each of the (3/3) species isolated was fluoroquinolone-resistant. Among patients developing infectious complications, all had prior exposure to fluoroquinolones and all infectious complications were fluoroquinolone-resistant. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for confirming the patient’s exposure history with fluoroquinolones and considering another class of antibiotics for patients with prior fluoroquinolone exposure to avoid infectious complications following prostate biopsies. Keywords: Flouroquinolone-resistance, antibiotic resistance, prostate biopsy. Download Full Article |
Abstract : EDITORIAL: Recent Advances in Genetic Mutations of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic ABC Transporters
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Abstract : Unveiling the Unpredicted and Uncontrolled Metastasis of Cancer Cells: A Minireview
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Abstract: Cancer as an historical disease is known to occur since several hundred years and still prevails till date as one of the most feared diseases. Its occurrence and/or progression are considered as the outcome of the series of accumulated ocogenic changes in the cell those transform it from benign to invasive or metastatic. It has been observed that most of the metastatic cancers are not curable and the available drugs focus on steadying the tumour growth to prevent further metastasis. Metastasis remains the cause of around 90% of the cancer deaths. Fundamental understanding of metastasis and recent advancements in metastasis driven cancer research may help to strengthen and bring in practice the new and advanced approaches for cancer treatment. In view of this, we review in detail the molecular mechanism of metastasis, problems in diagnosing and treating metastasis, and recent developments in cancer biology. Future efforts in order to unveil the unpredicted and uncontrolled metastasis of cancer cells have also been summarised. Keywords: Cancer, Metastasis, Cancer stem cells, Cancer therapeutics, Cancer diagnosis. Download Full Article |