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Abstract - Investigating the Deterring Factors for Youth Entrepreneurial Intention among Students at a South African University
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Abstract: Youth unemployment, which is a global phenomenon, is one of the main causes of poverty amongst the youth of South Africa. It has been observed that attaining a university qualification, no longer guarantees one an employment opportunity as the job market is highly saturated and cannot accommodate the thousands of young graduates churned out by universities each year. This leaves graduates with two options, either start a business or to remain unemployed and hope for an employment opportunity. This economic problem has led academics to inquire about what possible factors may influence young people to engage in entrepreneurship and what may turn them away from starting their own business. Although entrepreneurship has been purported globally as the springboard in facilitating economic participation among youth, they face many stumbling blocks during their entrepreneurial journey. Keywords: Youth entrepreneurship, deterrents, business knowledge, entrepreneurial intention, finance. |
Abstract - Investigating the Link between Economic Complexity Index and Monetary Policy Lending Rates in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries
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Abstract: This article investigates if there is a link between economic complexity index and monetary policy lending rates in selected Sub-Saharan African countries. Economic complexity index (ECI) as a measure of productive capabilities and a mix of sophisticated products that countries export, has been found to influence some economic indicators such as economic growth and inequality. Little attention has been paid to ECI’s link to lending rates in monetary policy bank lending rate transmission mechanism. In this paper, the ECI-lending rate nexus has been investigated using a panel autoregressive distribution lag methodology. Results indicated a long-run significant relationship with the Kao and Johansen combined cointegration. It was further illustrated in the long-un that ECI estimates have a negative and significant impact on monetary policy lending rates. The series could correct to equilibrium at a significant rate of 25%. These results provided new insights needed for appropriate development economic policy to reduce monetary policy lending rates. Keywords: Monetary policy transmission mechanism, economic complexity index, panel auto-regressive distributed lag model, Sub-Saharan Africa. |
Abstract - Investigation of Household Debt through Multilevel Multivariate Analysis: Case of a Developing Country
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Abstract: This study focuses on investigating the relationships between different socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and households’ debt decision and demand. We used six survey rounds of data from Pakistan household integrated expenditure survey (HIES) 2001 to 2014. HIES is a nationally representative data collected by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Multilevel models were used to investigate the relationship in which the data on households was nested in primary sampling units (PSUs) and PSUs were nested in provinces. The decision of taking household debt varies 22% at PSU level and 18% at provincial level due to unobserved variables. We found that households having higher financial assets, higher income and larger household sizes tend to have a higher percentage of debt. The amount of debt also increases with education and age. In the case of demand for debt, the variation is 12% at the provincial level. Literature studying household debt decision in Pakistan often ignore the geographical differences (region/province specific studies). Considering socioeconomic characteristics habituating the usage of credit is of countless importance in guiding policy design and interventions that aim to improve financial inclusion. Keywords: Debt decision, multilevel model, households, Pakistan. |
Abstract - Investigating the Relationship on CO2, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach
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Abstract: In this study, empirical analysis is conducted to reveal the relationship between three variables: energy consumption, GDP and CO2. The analysis is based on 13 oil importing countries and 11 oil exporting countries. The main objectives are (1) to reveal the long-run relationship based on three different models using second generation panel unit-root and panel cointegration tests and (2) to investigate the short-run relationship between pairs of variables using VAR Granger causality test. The panel unit root tests indicate that each variable is integrated of order one, I(1). Based on cointegration tests, the results reveal a long-run relationship in one of the models in both countries. The VAR Granger Causality shows evidence of a short-run relationship between the variables in both groups of countries. Keywords: CO2, energy, growth, panel data. |
Abstract - Investment and Dividend Policy of Oil and Gas and other Russian Companies: Financial Aspect
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Abstract: In the article features of formation of investment and dividend policy of oil and gas and other the Russian companies are presented: financial aspect, existing problems are revealed and the corresponding recommendations are offered. The extensive world practice and its invaluable experience in the field of formation of effective investment and dividend policy can help to solve a number of problems to the Russian public joint-stock companies. The analysis, systematization and generalization of the theory and practice of payment of dividends by Russian joint-stock companies are carried out, forecasts are made. Keywords: Dividend and investment policy, Russian public oil and gas and other companies, dividend payout statistics, dividend stability index, dividend signal theory. |