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Abstract: Nutrition has proven to be of great importance for the postoperative clinical outcome. Several studies have shown that infectious complications in the surgical patient , are reduced by pre-or postoperative nourishment. We discuss cellular immunity in relation to both enteral and parenteral nutrition and present an updated literature study of current evidence. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of studies, that compare different immunological parameters in the surgical patient being nourished either enterally or parenterally. Keywords: Parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, cellular immune response, surgery.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of binge and at-risk alcohol consumption among new-entrant students in a public university in the South-East Region of Brazil. Methods: Longitudinal study undertaken with a random sample of undergraduates (N=1,168) in the first semesters of 2010 (n=256) and 2011 (n=183). In order to evaluate drinking patterns, participants were classified as abstainers, light, moderate, binge or heavy binge drinkers. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire score was used to define the risk categories for consumption: low risk, risk, harmful use and probable dependence. Statistical analysis was undertaken using Stata software, version 11.0. Results: Amongst the 256 students evaluated, 51.6% were women and 64.5% were aged ≥19 years. The prevalence of consumption of alcoholic beverages was 75.8%. The average age of onset of alcohol consumption was 15.7±1.9 years. The incidence of binge + heavy drinkers was 2.6/100 persons per year, with vulnerability shown in individuals of male sex and of age 19 years or more. The incidence of risk level drinkers was 2.0/100 persons per year and greater for individuals of male sex and younger than 19 years. Conclusion: The students of this institution are at high risk for problems associated with alcohol use. Keywords: Alcoholic Beverages, Longitudinal Data, Prevalence, Incidence, University Students.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Cancer prevention is a major issue in the field of public health. Ethanol extracts of the ginseng berry were found to inhibit the inflammation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumour promoter. The extracts also inhibited tumour promotion by TPA in the mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis model. The major components, ginsenosides Rd (3) and Re (4), inhibited inflammation induced by TPA in mice, while protopanaxadiol (1) and protopanaxatriol (2), the aglycones of these ginsenosides, markedly inhibited TPA-induced inflammatory ear oedema in mice. The inhibitory effects of these compounds were more potent than those of indomethacin. Keywords: Cancer chemoprevention, antitumour-promoting activity, two-stage carcinogenesis, ginsenosides, Panax ginseng.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The quest for alternative sources of healthy nutrients that facilitate the modification of milk without compromising drinking quality is a continuous research endeavour. The objective of the study was to quantify the milk fatty acid composition of pasture-based primiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows supplemented with crude degummed canola oil (CDCO) with a view to improving the milk quality for beneficial health effects. This study tested the hypothesis that incremental supplementation of grazing primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows with CDCO will alter milk fatty acid composition towards increased total monounsaturates. Comparisons were made between unsupplemented grazing dairy cows and their peers on dietary supplements containing low (25ml/Kg DM), medium (35ml/Kg DM) or high levels (50ml/kg DM) of CDCO in addition to ad libitum grazing access to pasture. There was no significant effect (p>0.05) of CDCO supplementation for eight weeks on the proportions of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (tPUFA), omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids in milk. However, significant impacts of CDCO were observed on the proportions of 18:1ω9c, 18:1ω7t, total saturated (tSFA) and total monounsaturated (tMUFA) fatty acids (p<0.005), with a significant increase in the tMUFA/tSFA ratio in cows consuming CDCO. It was concluded that incremental levels of CDCO supplementation can modify the fatty acid composition of milk towards increased monounsaturates without any negative impact on grazing primiparous cows. Keywords: Monounsaturated Fatty Acids, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Saturated Fatty Acids, omega-3, omega-6. |
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Abstract: Cancer prevention is an important issue in various healthcare fields; thus, we continue searching for potential useful compounds. This study focuses on the utilization of Canadian goldenrod, which is commonly seen growing on vacant land. Methanol extracts of the flower of Canadian goldenrod inhibited inflammation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and inhibited promotion in the mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis model. Five inhibitory compounds were isolated from the active fraction, and these compounds were identified as flavonoids; kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3), querectin-3-O-rutinoside (4), and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (5). These compounds inhibited the inflammation induced by TPA, and the inhibitory effects were similar to indomethacin. Keywords: Canadian goldenrod, Solidago altissima, antitumour promotion, two-stage carcinogenesis, cancer prevention.Download Full Article |