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Abstract : Religious Values of Youth within the Framework of the Sociology of Culture
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Abstract: In a situation of paradigm pluralism of modern sociology, the selection of certain provisions for the formation of a theoretical framework always causes certain difficulties and problems. On the one hand, there is a clear division of sociological knowledge along the line of the classical – non-classical, and on the other hand, in the present conditions this division looks somewhat artificial and, according to many analysts, should be replaced by the integration of approaches, theories, and concepts, the creation of an integrative paradigm. Therefore, considering the sociological heritage and new developments, it is necessary to select those groups of theoretical propositions that will help reveal the diversity of values in empirical research. The novelty of the research is determined by the existence of a certain hierarchy in the value system. As part of any value system, one can distinguish, first of all, dominant values. The authors show that the system of values determines the criteria recognised by society, based on which control over the activities of people is carried out and their behaviour is regulated, that is, it is the system of values that ensures civil order. It acts as a theoretical framework for social activity. Authors determine that the value system regulates the behaviour of people in society and directs it in the proper, correct direction. It acts as a guideline when choosing a method of action, forms goals and leads to their achievement. The practical significance of the research is determined by the fact that each culture creates its individual system of value guidelines, which serve as a kind of model, determine the direction of the actions of a person or the entire society, that is, values of a certain kind of motivators of actions. Keywords: Culture, development, structure, dynamics, sociology. |
Abstract : Intercultural Communication and Values-Based Orientations of Youth: Social Mobility and Problems of Self-Realisation
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Abstract: The ability to interact at the level of interpersonal communication allows to say that young people not only perceive society as an environment for their self-realisation, but also use it to gain new experience, that can determine the development of an individual. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that each act of communication must be implemented for the purposes of development under certain conditions that affect not only the communication environment itself, but also other forms of interaction at the level of the individual, communality or community. The novelty of the subject matter is determined by the fact that the formation of intercultural communication is possible only if programs of social mobility and, accordingly, cultural exchange are implemented. The authors show that such progress is most likely to be achieved in the external environment, which is determined by the presence of external influences. The authors of the paper primarily refer to this effect as the environment of an educational institution. The leading research method is a sociological survey and the method of analysis, which make it possible to comprehensively consider the value priorities and preferences that are characteristic of modern student youth. The practical significance of the study is determined by structuring and factor analysis, which allows to distribute the cultural layer into various social groups and ensure youth intercultural exchange both in the context of local student communication and in the context of an increase in the level of academic mobility. Keywords: Potential, self-realisation, structure, academic mobility, education. |
Abstract : Social Portrait of the Family in the Light of New Socio-Political Trends
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Abstract: The issue regarding formation of a values-based attitude towards creating a family among modern youth is acquiring special relevance, since changes in moral guidelines have led to the intensification of negative phenomena such as: liberalisation of sexual morality, an increased number of divorces, illegitimate births, single-parent families, and the spread of social orphanhood. Due to the fact that the family is currently perceived as a structural component of the development of individual socio-economic trends, the purpose of the paper is to assess the levels of values-based attitudes towards family creation among students. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: diagnostic (questionnaires, the method of sentence completion, testing), that made it possible to identify the levels of formation of the attitude towards family creation among students; a theoretical method of analysis that allows a comprehensive study of the reasons that complicate the process of forming a values-based attitude regarding family creation. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that a student family is understood as a family in which both spouses are full-time students of a higher education institution, that is, homogeneous in social status of a man and a woman. This is a young family in which the spouses are no more than 28 years old, and the length of family life does not exceed 5 years. The paper indicates that student families are the most progressive, since spouses are ready to accept everything new - in the organisation of life, in the arrangement of the family structure, and the like. Material motives in choosing a spouse in such families play a secondary role, especially in relation to the requirements from a woman to a man. The materials of the paper are of practical value for experimental verification of pedagogical conditions for the family creation among students in extracurricular activities. Keywords: Young family, values-based attitude, society, family life, student family. |
Abstract : Features of Corporate Liability for Violation of Competition Law
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Abstract: The relevance of the study is determined by the need to establish corporate responsibility for breach of legislation. In this regard, this paper is aimed at identifying features of competition and corporate responsibility for breach of competition law. Particular attention is drawn to the case when corporations become monopolists and, in fact, dictate market rules. Consideration of the development aspect of competition law suggests that it largely limits the growth of corporate business and forces corporations to formulate strategies for splitting the business, thereby determining the conduct of business. In the modern world, where business is in many respects globalised, such measures can lead to a decrease in market indicators and form a dependence on the operations of certain corporations in the local market. The leading method to the study of this issue is the modelling method, which allows to consider this problem as a targeted and organised procedure related to the improvement and application of competition law, as well as the protection and development of competition. The novelty of the study lies in the possibility of limiting the activities of a corporation in a market that is occupied by it and where there is no practical competition. The authors consider the mechanism of self-regulation as a source of domestic competition law. The paper determines that self-regulation processes are also subject to state supervision and thus corporate self-regulation becomes an aspect of the regulation of competition enforcement by the state at large. The practical significance of the study is determined by the structural feature of the corporation as a quasi-state mechanism and the regulation of external relations between the state and corporations as tax residents on this basis. Keywords: Corporation, monopoly, regulation, state, legislation. |
Abstract : Crimes against Justice under the Legislation of the States of the European Union
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Abstract: The countries of the European Union (EU) are united, but above all, each country is autonomous. EU Member States have different legislation on criminal offences. The EU authorities have already suggested the possibility of creating a single system for regulating legal provisions on criminal offences. Studying and comparing the legal systems and responsibilities for crimes against justice in individual countries will facilitate the analysis of the differences in the legislation of the EU countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate crimes against justice in accordance with the laws of each individual European country. The paper considers the composition of such crimes, as well as the responsibility to which offenders can be brought in case of such crimes. The study uses the methods of analysis and synthesis, analyses legal provisions. General methods of scientific cognition used in this study include dialectical, historical, the Aristotelian method, method of systematic data analysis, formal legal method, method of legal modelling and comparative legal method. The study investigates the legal framework of European countries, in particular criminal codes and laws. This study systematises and groups the received information and data on criminal liability of judges for unlawful decisions. The European practices in punishing those who do not comply with court rulings and judgments are also analysed. A study of the legal system in individual EU countries will help distinguish between positive and negative aspects in the legislation. In addition, this study allows to consider and analyse the most effective laws, provisions, and principles that can be implemented in the current legal system of different countries of the world. Keywords: Crime, justice system, European Union, legislation, Criminal Code. |